Perioperative Anesthesiological Management of Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension

Table 2

Hemodynamic characteristics in patients with pulmonary hypertension (mod. [8]).

Definition	Characteristics	Etiology
Pulmonary	PAPm ≥ 25 mmHg	all
Hypertension (PH)	CO normal or reduced
	PAPm ≥ 25 mmHg; PCWP ≤ 15 mmHg; CO normal or reduced	Group 1: Pulmonary artery hypertension (IPAH)
Precapillary PH		Group 3: PH with pulmonary diseases and/or hypoxemia
		Group 4: CTEPH
		Group 5: PH with unclear or multifactorial mechanisms
	PAPm ≥ 25 mmHg
Postcapillary PH	PCWP > 15 mmHg	Group 2: PH with left-heart diseases
	CO normal or reduced
(a) passive	TPG ≤ 12 mmHg
(b) reactive	TPG > 12 mmHg

PAPm: mean pulmonary arterial pressure; CO: cardiac output; PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; TPG: transpulmonary gradient (= PAPm − PCWP).