Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Current Clinical Opinions and Anesthesiologists Perspective

Table 1

Classification of surgical complications according to the modified Clavien grading system [6].

Grade	Description of complication
I	Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic and radiological interventions. Allowed therapeutic regimens are as follows: drugs as antiemetics, antipyretics, analgesics, diuretics, electrolytes, and physiotherapy. This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside.
II	Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than such allowed for grade I complications. Blood transfusion and total parenteral nutrition are also included.
III	Requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiological intervention.
IIIa	Intervention under regional anesthesia.
IIIb	Intervention under general anesthesia.
IV	Life threatening complication requiring ICU management.
IVa	Single organ dysfunction (including dialysis).
IVb	Multiorgan dysfunction.
V	Death.

Modified and adapted from [6].