Effects of Tibetan Music on Neuroendocrine and Autonomic Functions in Patients Waiting for Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled Study

Table 1

Demographic and psychological tests.

	Music group	Control group	value
Age (years)	55.1 ± 8.9	58.2 ± 7.7	0.096
Sex
Males/females	15/15	15/15	1
ASA II/III	21/9	19/11	0.6
Urologic surgery			0.08
RRP	10	8
PCNL	14	8
Others	6	14
STAI Y-1 T0	60.2 ± 8	61.6 ± 9	0.25
STAI Y-2 T0	38.9 ± 9	35.9 ± 9	0.10
APAIS T0	21.2 ± 5	20.7 ± 4	0.34

Data are expressed as mean ± SD. RRP = radical retropubic prostatectomy; PCNL = percutaneous nephrolithotomy; STAI = State Trait Anxiety Inventory Questionnaire; APAIS = Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale.