Associations between HIV Antiretroviral Therapy and the Prevalence and Incidence of Pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda

Table 2

Prevalence of pregnancy, unadjusted and adjusted prevalence risk ratios among HIV+ women prior to ART initiation.

Characteristics		Unadjusted	Adjusted
	Pregnant/total (%)	PRR (95% CI)	PRR (95% CI)
Overall	109/1514 (7.2)
Age (years)
15–24	31/199 (15.6)	1.0	1.0
25–34	61/830 (7.4)	0.47 (0.30, 0.74)	0.55 (0.34, 0.88)
35–45	17/485 (3.5)	0.23 (0.11, 0.47)	0.31 (0.15, 0.67)
Marital status
Never married	5/155 (3.2)	1.0	1.0
Divorced/separated/widowed	15/629 (2.4)	0.74 (0.27, 2.5)	0.80 (0.28, 2.22)
Currently married	89/730 (12.2)	3.78 (1.81, 7.90)	3.82 (1.83, 7.97)
Sexual partner past 6 months
None	63/970 (6.5)	1.0
One	44/493 (8.9)	1.37 (0.92, 2.04)
2+	2/43 (4.7)	0.72 (0.17, 3.07)
Parity (ever live-births)
Prime gravid	41/545 (7.5)	1.0
1–3	26/353 (7.4)	0.98 (0.57, 1.67)
4+	41/580 (7.1)	0.94 (0.64, 1.38)
Use of any medication to prevent pregnancy
Not taking any	106/1236 (8.6)	1.0	1.0
Taking some medications	3/278 (1.1)	0.13 (0.03, 0.47)	0.09 (0.02, 0.33)
Breastfeeding
Not breastfeeding	103/1286 (8.0)	1.0	1.0
Yes breastfeeding	6/228 (2.6)	0.33 (0.17, 0.64)	0.16 (0.08, 0.30)
WHO stage at initial screening
I	46/476 (9.7)	1.0
II	14/309 (4.5)	0.47 (0.26, 0.84)
III	4/151 (2.7)	0.27 (0.13, 0.58)
IV	5/40 (10.0)	1.03 (0.53, 2.00)
CD4 at initial screening
<100	3/167 (1.8)	1.0	1.0
100–250	16/312 (5.1)	2.85 (0.89, 9.13)	2.74 (0.85, 8.82)
251–350	9/173 (5.2)	2.90 (0.95, 8.83)	2.22 (0.71, 6.98)
351+	81/862 (9.4)	5.23 (1.54, 17.74)	4.71 (1.41, 15.80)