Loss to Followup in HIV-Infected Patients from Asia-Pacific Region: Results from TAHOD

Table 3

Factors associated with permanent or temporary LTFU, defined as no clinic visit for 180 days, among all patients under followup.

	Person- years	Number LTFU	Crude Rate^1	Adjusted
				95% CI	IRR^2	95% CI	𝑃 value	IRR^2	95% CI	𝑃 value
Sex
Male	5468.1	1206	22.06	(20.85, 23.34)	1.00			1.00
Female	2229.2	442	19.83	(18.06, 21.77)	1.10	(0.98, 1.24)	0.090	1.04	(0.93, 1.17)	0.446
Current age (years)
≤35	2210.4	575	26.01	(23.97, 28.23)	1.00			1.00		0.002^3
36~45	3320.2	718	21.62	(20.10, 23.27)	0.82	(0.74, 0.92)	0.001	0.89	(0.79, 1.00)	0.050
46+	2166.6	355	16.39	(14.77, 18.18)	0.69	(0.60, 0.79)	<0.001	0.76	(0.66, 0.88)	<0.001
Reported exposure
Heterosexual  contact	5144.5	985	19.15	(17.99, 20.38)	1.00			1.00
Homosexual  contact	1707.2	344	20.15	(18.13, 22.40)	1.10	(0.93, 1.29)	0.275	1.05	(0.89, 1.25)	0.540
Injecting drug use	344.3	125	36.31	(30.47, 43.27)	1.21	(0.97, 1.51)	0.098	1.10	(0.86, 1.40)	0.437
Other/unknown	501.3	194	38.70	(33.62,44.55)	1.64	(1.37, 1.98)	<0.001	1.56	(1.29, 1.88)	<0.001
Current CD4 count (cells/μl.)
≤100	233.7	69	29.52	(23.32, 37.38)	1.00			1.00
101–200	635.7	136	21.40	(18.09, 25.31)	0.92	(0.68, 1.22)	0.551	0.96	(0.72, 1.29)	0.800
201+	6327.6	1181	18.66	(17.63, 19.76)	0.75	(0.58, 0.96)	0.023	0.79	(0.61, 1.02)	0.071
Missing	500.3	262	52.37	(46.40, 59.11)	1.18	(0.90, 1.55)	0.235	0.99	(0.74, 1.31)	0.922
Current HIV RNA (copies/ml)
≤500	4213.7	679	16.11	(14.95, 17.37)	1.00			1.00		0.021^3
501+	537.1	158	29.42	(25.17, 34.38)	1.71	(1.43, 2.04)	<0.001	1.24	(1.03, 1.51)	0.026
Missing	2946.4	811	27.52	(25.69, 29.49)	1.75	(1.55, 1.98)	<0.001	1.64	(1.45, 1.86)	<0.001
CDC disease stage
Stage A	3205.1	828	25.83	(24.13, 27.65)	1.00			1.00
Stage B	801.6	118	14.72	(12.29, 17.63)	0.93	(0.76, 1.14)	0.507	0.95	(0.77, 1.17)	0.623
Stage C	3690.5	702	19.02	(17.67, 20.48)	0.84	(0.75, 0.93)	0.001	0.92	(0.82, 1.02)	0.125
Tuberculosis diagnosis
Yes	1806.7	372	20.59	(18.60, 22.79)	1.00			1.00
No	5890.6	1276	21.66	(20.51, 22.88)	1.04	(0.92, 1.18)	0.537	0.98	(0.87, 1.12)	0.801
Time since HIV infection (years)
≤5	3477.2	785	22.58	(21.05, 24.21)	1.00			1.00		0.005^3
6+	4115.7	844	20.51	(19.17, 21.94)	0.84	(0.75, 0.94)	0.002	0.89	(0.79, 1.00)	0.048
Missing	104.3	19	18.21	(11.61, 28.55)	0.58	(0.36, 0.94)	0.027	0.49	(0.30, 0.79)	0.004
Hepatitis B infection
Yes	584.5	112	19.16	(15.92, 23.06)	1.00			1.00
No	5101.9	883	17.31	(16.20, 18.49)	0.93	(0.76, 1.13)	0.474	0.90	(0.74, 1.10)	0.319
N/A	2010.8	653	32.48	(30.08, 35.06)	0.98	(0.80, 1.21)	0.859	1.07	(0.85, 1.35)	0.548
Hepatitis C infection
Yes	541.4	149	27.52	(23.44, 32.31)	1.00			1.00		0.030^3
No	4692.8	796	16.96	(15.82, 18.18)	0.81	(0.67, 0.98)	0.029	0.81	(0.67, 0.98)	0.034
N/A	2463.0	703	28.54	(26.51, 30.73)	0.75	(0.62, 0.91)	0.004	0.77	(0.63, 0.93)	0.008
Current anemia (male < 13 g/dl, female < 11 g/dl)
Yes	1021.1	155	15.18	(12.97, 17.77)	1.00			1.00
No	5771.6	1157	20.05	(18.92, 21.24)	1.09	(0.92, 1.30)	0.302	1.11	(0.94, 1.32)	0.227
N/A	904.5	336	37.15	(33.38, 41.34)	1.31	(1.07, 1.59)	0.008	1.09	(0.89, 1.34)	0.382
Current ART^4
3 + (NRTNRTI)	4830.8	942	19.50	(18.29, 20.79)	1.00			1.00		0.001^3
3 + (NRTI + PI)	1898.3	377	19.86	(17.95, 21.97)	1.21	(1.06, 1.38)	0.005	1.22	(1.07, 1.39)	0.003
No/mono/double ARV	762.7	300	39.33	(35.12, 44.05)	2.18	(1.90,2.50)	<0.001	1.92	(1.66, 2.22)	<0.001
3 + (other combination)	205.4	29	14.12	(9.81, 20.32)	0.95	(0.65, 1.38)	0.786	1.01	(0.69, 1.47)	0.975

(1) Crude rate, per 100 person-years.
(2) Stratified by TAHOD sites.
(3) Overall for test for trend (ordinal categorical covariates) or for homogeneity (nominal categorical covariates).
(4) ART: NRTI: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI: nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI: protease inhibitor.