Barriers to Initiation of Pediatric HIV Treatment in Uganda: A Mixed-Method Study

Table 3

Nutritional status of the “Monitoring of Antiretroviral Therapy in Children” cohort participants at presentation.

		𝑛=306
Underweight (WAZ <−2 SD)	<5 years old	42.7 (34.6–50.7)
	5–12 years old	24.5 (15.2–33.7)
Severe underweight(WAZ <−3 SD)	<5 years old	26.1 (18.9–33.3)
	5–12 years old	12.8 (5.5–20.0)
Stunting (HAZ <−2 SD)	<5 years old	62.0 (53.9–70.1)
	5–12 years old	39.0 (30.4–47.5)
Severe stunting (HAZ <−3 SD)	<5 years old	40.0 (31.8–48.2)
	5–12 years old	18.4 (11.5–25.3)
Wasting (WHZ <−2 SD)	<5 years old	21.7 (14.9–28.4)
	5–12 years old	NA
Severe wasting (WHZ <−3 SD)	<5 years old	7.0 (2.7–11.3)
	5–12 years old	NA
BMI-for-age z-score (<−2 SD)	<5 years old	16.3 (10.2–22.3)
	5–12 years old	8.6 (3.6–13.7)
Midupper arm circumference n (%)^a	≤13.5 cm	55 (37.9)

Data are presented as percentage with 95% confidence interval (CI) unless otherwise indicated. No significant differences were found between clinical sites. Reference data used are WHO Anthro version 3.2.2, January 2011 for age 0–5 and Reference 2007 for age 5–19 [13, 14, 21]. 33 z-scores were excluded from analysis because of biological implausibility (WAZ 𝑛=9, HAZ 𝑛=19, WHZ 𝑛=3, and BMI-for-age 𝑛=2).
^aMidupper arm circumference only applicable for children 1–5 years old (𝑛=148). WAZ: weight-for-age z-score, HAZ: height-for-age z-score, WHZ: weight-for-height z-score, and BMI: body mass index (in kg/m²).