Exploration of the Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Metabolic Measures in Young People Living with HIV
Table 2
Metabolic factors and smoking status among HIV-positive youth.
Metabolic factor
Smokers Mean (SD) Median
Nonsmokers Mean (SD) Median
Unadjusted value1
Adjusted value2
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
146.0 (29.5) 145.5
156.1 (33.4) 153.0
0.003
0.009
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
61.9 (34.7) 45.5
68.8 (35.6) 60.5
0.07
0.09
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
64.1 (28.8) 60.0
66.9 (31.6) 57.0
0.39
0.52
Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
107.2 (27.4) 105.0
114.0 (33.0) 110.0
0.03
0.08
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
100.0 (53.3) 90.0
98.8 (63.3) 82.0
0.85
0.83
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
88.5 (7.5) 88.0
88.2 (8.1) 88.0
0.71
0.77
2-hour glucose (mg/dL)
87.8 (26.5) 85.0
93.0 (24.0) 92.0
0.05
0.08
Fasting insulin (µIU/mL)
9.4 (7.4) 8.0
10.6 (11.3) 8.0
0.23
0.31
2-hour insulin (µIU/mL)
42.4 (46.5) 29.0
49.6 (46.4) 39.0
0.16
0.16
hsCRP (mg/dL)
3.50 (6.52) 1.00
2.96 (5.91) 1.00
0.41
0.40
BMI (kg/m2)
25.0 (6.5) 23.5
25.8 (6.2) 24.1
0.22
0.24
Total body fat percent
24.1 (13.1) 20.7
27.2 (13.2) 25.6
0.03
0.03
Total body fat (kg/m2)
6.4 (5.1) 4.5
7.3 (5.0) 5.6
0.09
0.10
Trunk fat (kg/m2)
3.0 (2.5) 2.1
3.4 (2.5) 2.5
0.15
0.18
Lower extremity (leg) fat (kg/m2)
2.4 (2.1) 1.7
2.9 (2.1) 2.4
0.04
0.04
Total lean body mass (kg/m2)
17.3 (2.5) 17.0
17.3 (2.5) 17.1
0.83
0.83
SD = standard deviation.
1 values obtained from Student’s -test.
2 values obtained from generalized linear regression modeling; smoking status, race, height, gender, and age at enrollment were included in all of the models, regardless of their significance, while current antiretroviral regimen and current use of marijuana, stimulants, or alcohol were included only if they contributed significantly to the model.
