Factors Associated with PMTCT Cascade Completion in Four African Countries
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of survey respondents ().
Variable
Completed PMTCT cascade () (%)
Did not complete PMTCT cascade () (%)
value
Total
Sociodemographics
Country of origin
<0.0001
Cameroon
55 (15.4)
59 (9.5)
114 (11.7)
Cote d’Ivoire
1 (0.3)
52 (8.4)
53 (5.4)
South Africa
112 (31.6)
253 (40.7)
365 (37.4)
Zambia
187 (52.7)
257 (41.4)
444 (45.5)
Age
0.09
<20
11 (3.1)
37 (6)
48 (4.9)
20–30
228 (64.2)
409 (65.9)
637 (65.3)
>30
116 (32.7)
175 (28.1)
291 (29.8)
Marital status
0.68
Married
222 (62.7)
321 (52.2)
543 (56)
Living together
20 (5.7)
62 (10.1)
82 (8.5)
Divorced
10 (2.8)
10 (1.6)
20 (2)
Separated
17 (4.8)
42 (6.8)
59 (6.1)
Widowed
18 (5.1)
29 (4.7)
47 (4.9)
No partner
67 (18.9)
151 (24.6)
218 (22.5)
Education
0.56
None/primary
157 (44.4)
270 (44)
427 (44.1)
Secondary or higher
197 (55.6)
344 (56)
541 (55.9)
Parity
0.08
1
89 (25.8)
200 (33.4)
289 (30.6)
2
104 (30.1)
182 (30.5)
286 (30.3)
3
73 (21.2)
105 (17.6)
178 (18.9)
4
44 (12.8)
51 (8.5)
95 (10.1)
5+
35 (10.1)
60 (10)
95 (10.1)
Household size
0.05
1-2
53 (15.1)
135 (22)
188 (19.5)
3
93 (26.5)
198 (32.3)
291 (30.2)
4
101 (28.8)
141 (23)
242 (25.1)
5+
104 (29.6)
139 (22.7)
243 (25.2)
Source of water
0.33
Public tap
120 (33.8)
145 (23.4)
265 (27.2)
Protected well or piped
131 (36.9)
277 (44.6)
408 (41.8)
into plot
Piped into house
63 (17.7)
120 (19.3)
183 (18.7)
Other
41 (11.6)
79 (12.7)
120 (12.3)
Own a television
0.97
Yes
196 (55.8)
373 (60.6)
569 (58.8)
No
155 (44.2)
243 (39.4)
398 (41.2)
Own a cell phone
0.26
Yes
252 (71.6)
440 (71)
692 (71.2)
No
100 (28.4)
180 (29)
280 (28.8)
Current employment Outside home
0.71
Yes
142 (40.2)
225 (36.3)
367 (37.8)
No
211 (59.8)
394 (63.7)
605 (62.2)
Own a method of transportation
0.08
Yes
77 (22.5)
156 (25.4)
233 (24.3)
No
266 (77.5)
459 (74.6)
725 (75.7)
Health related
Timing of HIV diagnosis
<0.01
Before pregnancy
43 (12.6)
7 (1.1)
50 (5.2)
During pregnancy
175 (51.2)
40 (6.6)
215 (22.5)
After pregnancy
124 (36.2)
565 (92.3)
689 (72.3)
Partner HIV testing
<0.01
Negative
41 (11.6)
120 (19.5)
161 (16.6)
Positive
100 (28.3)
38 (6.2)
138 (14.2)
Not tested/do not know
212 (60.1)
458 (74.3)
670 (69.2)
Use of birth control (ever)
<0.01
Modern method
Injectables/implants
119 (33.7)
156 (25.3)
275 (28.4)
Pill
68 (19.3)
123 (19.9)
191 (19.7)
Condoms
37 (10.5)
26 (4.2)
63 (6.5)
M/F sterilization or
2 (0.6)
4 (0.7)
6 (0.6)
hysterectomy
Intrauterine device
1 (0.3)
3 (0.5)
4 (0.4)
Lactational
1 (0.3)
2 (0.3)
3 (0.3)
amenorrhea
Traditional or no
method
No method
125 (35.3)
298 (48.3)
423 (43.6)
NFP or withdrawal
0 (0)
5 (0.8)
5 (0.5)
Timing of ANC entry
0.29
1st trimester
56 (15.8)
129 (21.7)
185 (19.5)
2nd trimester
254 (71.6)
390 (65.8)
644 (67.9)
3rd trimester
45 (12.6)
74 (12.5)
119 (12.6)
ANC location
<0.01
Hospital
51 (14.4)
88 (14.2)
139 (14.2)
Health center
291 (82)
460 (77)
751 (77)
Health post
8 (2.3)
22 (3.1)
30 (3.1)
Other
5 (1.4)
51 (5.7)
56 (5.7)
ANC facility type
<0.01
Governmental
312 (87.9)
529 (85.2)
841 (86.2)
Faith based organization
38 (10.7)
41 (6.6)
79 (8.1)
Other
5 (1.4)
51 (8.2)
56 (5.7)
Missing values: marital status 7, education 8, parity 33, household size 12, own a television 9, own a cell phone 4, current employment outside home 4, own a method of transportation 18, timing of HIV diagnosis 22, partner HIV testing 7, use of birth control (ever) 6, and timing of ANC entry 28. values calculated from univariate logistic regression models which included site as a stratification factor. The value for family planning compares modern methods to traditional/no method. PMTCT: prevention of mother to child HIV transmission, ANC: antenatal clinic, and NFP: natural family planning.
