Review Article

Treatment of Dermatological Conditions Associated with HIV/AIDS: The Scarcity of Guidance on a Global Scale

Table 2

National guidelines.

CountryType of guidelineYearPublishing bodyTitleDisease treatment includedMethodologyLink

AngolaHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2011Ministry of HealthNormas de Tratamento Anti-Retroviral(i) Drug reactionsAdapted from other guidelineshttp://www.emtct-iatt.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Angola_National-ARV-Guidelines_2011.pdf

AustraliaNo national guidelines identified; however, guidelines exist from societies (see society guidelines)

BahamasHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2005Caribbean Epidemiology CentreCaribbean Guidelines for the Care and Treatment of Persons with HIV Infection(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Seborrheic dermatitis
(iii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iv) Molluscum contagiosum
(v) Scabies
(vi) Eosinophilic folliculitis
(vii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(viii) Drug reactions
(ix) Papular pruritic eruptions
Scientific literature + expert opinionhttp://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/caribbean_art.pdf

BotswanaHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2007Ministry of HealthAcute Care: Botswana Integrated Management for HIV/AIDS and Other Illness(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Scabies
(iii) Tinea
(iv) Varicella/herpes zoster
(v) Drug reactions
(vi) Seborrheic dermatitis
(vii) Molluscum contagiosum
(viii) Papular pruritic eruption
Adapted from other guidelineshttp://www.gov.bw/global/moh/pc_moh_07.pdf
HIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2012Ministry of HealthBotswana National HIV & AIDS Treatment Guidelines(i) Varicella/herpes zoster
(ii) Oral candidiasis
(iii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(iv) Drug reactions
Expert opinionhttp://www.med.upenn.edu/botswana/user_documents/BotsNatHIV-AIDSTreatGuideWEB22-05-2012.pdf

BrazilHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2008Ministry of HealthRecomendacoes para Terapia Antirretroviral em Adultos Infectados pelo HIV 2008(i) Kaposi’s sarcomaCEBMhttp://www.aidstar-one.com/sites/default/files/Brazil_National_Treatment_Guidelines_2008.pdf

CameroonHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2004Ministry of Public HealthGuide National de Prise en Charge des Personnes Vivant avec le VIH/SIDA-Cameroun(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(iii) Scabies
(iv) Varicella/herpes zoster
(v) Seborrheic dermatitis
(vi) Molluscum contagiosum
Expert opinionhttp://www.aidstar-one.com/sites/default/files/treatment/national_treatment_guidelines/Cameroon_tagged.pdf

CanadaSTD/STI treatment guidelines2008Public Health Agency of CanadaCanadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Diseases(i) ScabiesUSPSTFhttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/sti-its/cgsti-ldcits/index-eng.php#toc

ChadNone identified

ChinaNone identified

ColombiaHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2010Ministry of Health and Social ProtectionGuia para el Manejo de VIH/SIDA Basada en la Evidencia(i) Drug reactionsIDSA-USPHShttp://www.aidsspace.org/upload_desc.php?user=7977&upid=2030

ComorosHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2007Ministry of HealthGuide de Prise en Charge de L’Infection a VIH aux Comoros(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Seborrheic dermatitis
(iii) Scabies
(iv) Drug reactions
(v) Papular pruritic eruptions
(vi) Varicella/herpes zoster
(vii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(viii) Molluscum contagiosum
Adapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://www.aidstar-one.com/sites/default/files/Comoros_2007_tagged_0.pdf

CongoNone identified

Côte d'IvoireHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2005Ministry of Health and PopulationGuide de Prise en Charge de L’Infection a VIH/SIDA de L’Adulte et de L'Enfante(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Papular pruritic
(iii) Drug reactions
(iv) Varicella/herpes zoster
(v) Seborrheic dermatitis
(vi) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(vii) Molluscum contagiosum
Expert opinionhttp://www.aidsspace.org/upload_desc.php?user=7977&upid=1921

EgyptNone identified

Equatorial GuineaNone identified

EthiopiaOpportunistic infections treatment guidelines2008Federal Ministry of HealthGuidelines for Management of Opportunistic Infections and Antiretroviral Treatment in Adolescents and Adults in Ethiopia(i) Varicella/herpes zoster
(ii) Molluscum contagiosum
(iii) Tinea
(iv) Scabies
(v) Oral candidiasis
(vi) Drug reactions
(vii) Papular pruritic eruption
(viii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
Adapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/ethiopia_art.pdf
Standard treatment guidelines2010Drug Administration and Control Authority of EthiopiaStandard Treatment Guideline for Primary Hospitals(i) Varicella/herpes zosterExpert opinionhttp://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s17820en/s17820en.pdf

FranceHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2010Ministry of Health and SportsPrise en Charge Médicale des Personnes Infectées par le VIH(i) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iii) Oral candidiasis
CEBMhttp://www.sante.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/Rapport_2010_sur_la_prise_en_charge_medicale_des_personnes_infectees_par_le_VIH_sous_la_direction_du_Pr-_Patrick_Yeni.pdf

GabonNone identified

GhanaStandard treatment guidelines2010Ministry of HealthStandard Treatment Guidelines(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iii) Seborrheic dermatitis
Expert opinionhttp://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s18015en/s18015en.pdf

GuineaHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2011Ministry of Health and HygieneNormes et Protocoles de Prise en Charge de L'Infection par le VIH chez L'Adulte et L'Enfant en Guinee(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
Expert opinionhttp://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/guinea_art.pdf?ua=1

Guinea-BissauNone identified

HaitiHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2010Ministry of Public Health and PopulationManuel de Normes de Prise en Charge Clinique et Therapeutique des Adolescents et Adultes Vivant avec le VIH/SIDA(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iii) Papular pruritic eruptions
(iv) Seborrheic dermatitis
(v) Kaposi’s sarcoma
Expert opinionhttp://www.aidsspace.org/upload_desc.php?user=7977&upid=1914

IndiaOpportunistic infections treatment guidelines2007National AIDS Control OrganisationGuidelines for Prevention and Management of Common Opportunistic Infections/Malignancies among HIV-Infected Adult and Adolescent(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Seborrheic dermatitis
(iii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iv) Molluscum contagiosum
(v) Scabies
(vi) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(vii) Tinea
Expert opinionhttp://naco.gov.in/upload/Policies%20&%20Guidelines/7-Guidelines%20for%20Prevention%20and%20Management%20of%20common%20opportunistic%20infections.pdf

IndonesiaHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2011Ministry of HealthTatalaksana Klinis Infeksi HIV dan Terapi Antiretroviral(i) Varicella/herpes zoster
(ii) Oral candidiasis
(iii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
Adapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://www.spiritia.or.id/Dok/pedomanart2011.pdf

JamaicaHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2005Caribbean Epidemiology CentreCaribbean Guidelines for the Care and Treatment of Persons with HIV Infection(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Seborrheic dermatitis
(iii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iv) Molluscum contagiosum
(v) Scabies
(vi) Eosinophilic folliculitis
(vii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(viii) Drug reactions
(ix) Papular pruritic eruptions
Scientific literature + expert opinionhttp://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/caribbean_art.pdf

KenyaHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2005Ministry of HealthGuidelines for Antiretroviral Drug Therapy in Kenya(i) Drug reactionsExpert opinionhttp://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/kenya_art.pdf
Opportunistic infections treatment guidelines2008Ministry of HealthNational Manual for the Management of HIV-Related Opportunistic Infections and Conditions(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(iii) Scabies
(iv) Papular pruritic eruptions
(v) Tinea
(vi) Varicella/herpes zoster
(vii) Drug reactions
(viii) Molluscum contagiosum
(ix) Seborrheic dermatitis
Adapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://nascop.or.ke/library/ART%20guidelines/National%20Manual%20for%20the%20management%20of%20HIV%20related%20OIs.pdf
Standard treatment guidelines2009Ministry of Medical ServicesClinical Guidelines for the Management and Referral of Common Conditions at Levels 2-3: Primary Care(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Seborrheic dermatitis
(iii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iv) Kaposi’s sarcoma
Adapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s20999en/s20999en.pdf

LesothoStandard treatment guidelines2005Ministry of Health and Social WelfareStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for Lesotho 2005(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iii) Tinea
Expert opinionhttp://www.who.int/selection_medicines/country_lists/lso_2005_STGs_EML.pdf
HIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2007Ministry of Health and Social WelfareWorking Draft-Lesotho National ART Guidelines(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Scabies
(iii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(iv) Varicella/herpes zoster
(v) Molluscum contagiosum
(vi) Tinea
(vii) Seborrheic dermatitis
(viii) Drug reactions
Expert opinionhttp://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/lesotho_art.pdf

MalawiHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2006Ministry of HealthTreatment of AIDS: Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi(i) Kaposi’s sarcomaExpert opinionhttps://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB0QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hivunitmohmw.org%2Fuploads%2FMain%2FMalawi-ARV-Guidelines-2ndEdition.doc&ei=P8acU9WcAeXLsAThlYGwAw&usg=AFQjCNGw6k6cSW6YKODVanuFT9lM51jxag&sig2=sk9DWLIvD9yr8onBg6B5zg&bvm=bv.68911936,d.cWc
Standard treatment guidelines2009Ministry of HealthMalawi Standard Treatment Guidelines 4th Edition 2009(i) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iii) Drug reactions
Adapted from other guidelines + Expert opinionhttp://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s18801en/s18801en.pdf
Opportunistic infections treatment guidelines2010Ministry of HealthGuidelines for the Management of HIV-Related Illnesses in Paediatrics(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Tinea
(iii) Molluscum contagiosum
(iv) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(v) Papular pruritic eruptions
(vi) Varicella/herpes zoster
(vii) Scabies
(viii) Drug reactions
Expert opinionhttp://www.medcol.mw/paediatrics/uploads/HIVguidelines.pdf
HIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2011Ministry of HealthClinical Management of HIV in Children and Adults(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(iii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iv) Seborrheic dermatitis
(v) Tinea
(vi) Papular pruritic eruptions
Adapted from other guidelineshttp://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/malawi_art.pdf

MexicoNone identified

MozambiqueHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2010Ministry of HealthGuia de Tratamento Antiretroviral e Infeccoes Oportunistas no Adulto, Adolescente e Gravidas(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iii) Tinea
(iv) Scabies
(v) Seborrheic dermatitis
(vi) Papular pruritic eruptions
(vii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(viii) Drug reactions
Expert opinionhttp://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/mozambique_art.pdf?ua=1

MyanmarHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2011Ministry of HealthGuidelines for the Clinical Management of HIV Infection in Adults and Adolescents in Myanmar(i) Varicella/herpes zoster
(ii) Seborrheic dermatitis
(iii) Papular pruritic eruptions
(iv) Scabies
(v) Oral candidiasis
(vi) Kaposi’s sarcoma
Adapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://aidstar-one.com/sites/default/files/Myanmar_2011.pdf

NamibiaStandard clinical treatment guidelines2011Ministry of Health and Social ServicesNamibia Standard Treatment Guidelines(i) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(ii) Scabies
(iii) Seborrheic dermatitis
(iv) Molluscum contagiosum
(v) Eosinophilic folliculitis
(vi) Drug reactions
(vii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(viii) Tinea
(ix) Oral candidiasis
Expert opinionhttp://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s19260en/s19260en.pdf
HIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2014Ministry of Health and Social ServicesNational Guidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy(i) Drug reactionsAdapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://preventcrypto.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Namibia-National-ART-guidelines-2014.pdf

NigeriaHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2007Federal Ministry of HealthNational Guidelines for HIV and AIDS Treatment and Care in Adolescents and Adults(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(iv) Scabies
(v) Drugs reactions
Scientific literature + expert opinionhttp://www.who.int/hiv/amds/Nigeria_adult_2007.pdf

PeruNone identified

RussiaNone identified

RwandaHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2007Ministry of HealthGuide de Prise en Charge des Personnes Infectées par le VIH au Rwanda(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iii) Molluscum contagiosum
Adapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://www.aidstar-one.com/sites/default/files/treatment/national_treatment_guidelines/Rwanda_2007_cleaner_version_tagged.pdf
HIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2013Ministry of HealthNational Guidelines for Prevention and Management of HIV, STIs & Other Blood Borne Infections (i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
Adapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://www.aidsspace.org/upload_desc.php?user=7977&upid=2149

South AfricaHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2010National Department of HealthThe South African Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines 2010(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iii) Seborrheic dermatitis
(iv) Molluscum contagiosum
(v) Tinea
(vi) Drug reactions
(vii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
Expert opinionhttp://www.aidstar-one.com/sites/default/files/South_Africa_National_HIV_Treatment_Guidelines_Combined_2010.pdf
Standard clinical treatment guidelines2012National Department of HealthStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Drugs List for South Africa(i) Drug reactions
(ii) Oral candidiasis
(iii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
Scientific literature + expert opinionhttp://www.health.gov.za/docs/Policies/2012/Standard_treatment_guidelines_and_essential_medicines_list_2012.pdf

South SudanNone identified

SwazilandHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2010Ministry of Health and Social WelfareSwaziland Paediatric HIV/AIDS Treatment Guidelines(i) Papular pruritic eruptions
(ii) Molluscum contagiosum
(iii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iv) Oral candidiasis
(v) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(vi) Drug reactions
Adapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://www.emtct-iatt.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Swaziland_National-Pediatric-HIV-Guidelines_2010.pdf
HIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2010Ministry of Health and Social WelfareNational Comprehensive HIV Package of Care(i) Drug reactionsAdapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/swaziland_art.pdf

TanzaniaHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2012Ministry of Health and Social WelfareNational Guidelines for the Management of HIV and AIDS(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Papular pruritic eruptions
(iii) Scabies
(iv) Seborrheic dermatitis
(v) Molluscum contagiosum
(vi) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(vii) Varicella/herpes zoster
Adapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://pmtct.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ART-guidelines_PDF.pdf

ThailandNone identified

TogoNone identified

Trinidad and TobagoHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2005Caribbean Epidemiology CentreCaribbean Guidelines for the Care and Treatment of Persons with HIV Infection(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Seborrheic dermatitis
(iii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iv) Molluscum contagiosum
(v) Scabies
(vi) Eosinophilic folliculitis
(vii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(viii) Drug reactions
(ix) Papular pruritic eruptions
Scientific literature + expert opinionhttp://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/caribbean_art.pdf

UgandaHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2009Ministry of HealthNational Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines for Adults, Adolescents, and Children(i) Drug reactionsAdapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://www.aidstar-one.com/sites/default/files/treatment/national_treatment_guidelines/Uganda_guidelines_2009.pdf

UgandaStandard clinical treatment guidelines2012Ministry of HealthUganda Clinical Guidelines 2012(i) Drug reactionsAdapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://sure.ug/?download=UCG%202012.pdf

UKNo national guidelines identified; however, guidelines exist from societies (see society guidelines)

UkraineOpportunistic infections treatment guidelines2007Ministry of HealthClinical Protocol for the Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Patients with HIV and AIDS(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
Adapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://moz.gov.ua/ua/portal/dn_20031212_580.html

USAOpportunistic infections treatment guidelines2004Centers for Disease Control and PreventionTreating Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
IDSA-USPHShttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr5315.pdf
STD/STI treatment guidelines2010Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010(i) ScabiesScientific literaturehttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5912a1.htm
Opportunistic infections treatment guidelines2013Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Exposed and HIV-Infected Children(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
IDSA-USPHShttp://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/oi_guidelines_pediatrics.pdf
HIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2011US Department of Veteran AffairsDermatologic Conditions-Primary Care of Veterans with HIV(i) Seborrheic dermatitis
(ii) Eosinophilic folliculitis
Scientific literaturehttp://www.hiv.va.gov/provider/manual-primary-care/dermatologic.asp
Disease-specific treatment guidelines2011Department of Health and Human ServicesClinical Information: Molluscum Contagiosum(i) Molluscum contagiosumScientific literaturehttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/molluscum/clinical_overview.htm
Disease-specific treatment guidelines2013National Cancer InstituteKaposi’s Sarcoma Treatment(i) Kaposi’s sarcomaScientific literaturehttp://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/kaposis/HealthProfessional/page3
Opportunistic infections treatment guidelines2013Department of Health and Human ServicesGuidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents(i) Varicella/herpes zoster
(ii) Oral candidiasis
(iii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
IDSA-USPHShttp://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/4/adult-and-adolescent-oi-prevention-and-treatment-guidelines/0

VietnamHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2009Ministry of HealthGuidelines for HIV/AIDS Diagnosis and Treatment(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iii) Molluscum contagiosum
(iv) Drug reactions
Adapted from other guidelineshttp://www.aidsspace.org/upload_desc.php?user=7977&upid=2000

ZambiaHIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2002Central Board of HealthIntegrated Technical Guidelines for Frontline Healthworkers(i) Seborrheic dermatitis
(ii) Papular pruritic eruptions
(iii) Molluscum contagiosum
Expert opinionhttp://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADD029.pdf
HIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2008Zambia HIV National Guidelines(i) Oral candidiasis
(ii) Varicella/herpes zoster
(iii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(iv) Seborrheic dermatitis
(v) Molluscum contagiosum
(vi) Eosinophilic folliculitis
Scientific literaturehttp://www.zambiahivguide.org/
Standard clinical treatment guidelines2008Ministry of HealthStandard Treatment Guidelines, Essential Medicines List & Essential Laboratory Supplies List for Zambia(i) Kaposi’s sarcomaExpert opinionhttp://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s19280en/s19280en.pdf
HIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2010Ministry of HealthAdult and Adolescent Antiretroviral Therapy Protocols 2010(i) Drug reactionsAdapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttp://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/zambia_art.pdf?ua=1

ZimbabweStandard clinical treatment guidelines2011Ministry of Health and Child Welfare6th Essential Drugs List and Standard Treatment Guidelines for Zimbabwe(i) Varicella/herpes zoster
(ii) Seborrheic dermatitis
(iii) Drug reactions
(iv) Kaposi’s sarcoma
(v) Papular pruritic eruptions
(vi) Oral candidiasis
Scientific literature + expert opinionhttp://globalhealth.stanford.edu/documents/EDLIZ%202011%206th%20edition.doc
HIV/AIDS treatment guidelines2013Ministry of Health and Child CareGuidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV in Zimbabwe(i) Drug reactions
(ii) Kaposi’s sarcoma
Adapted from other guidelines + expert opinionhttps://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCcQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emtct-iatt.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F05%2F2013-zimbabwe-arv-guidelines-main-document.pdf&ei=YPeMU_z2FqWmsASEjYHoBQ&usg=AFQjCNHchIkdbhZ14yZIM7SOV32vdCgnIQ&sig2=ZeVAun9vbaQxa2zXyVSaOA&bvm=bv.68191837,d.cWc