Research Article

Costing of Paediatric Treatment alongside Clinical Trials under Low Resource Constraint Environments: Cotrimoxazole and Antiretroviral Medications in Children Living with HIV/AIDS

Table 5

(a) Causes of hospitalisation for children on cotrimoxazole. (b) Causes of hospitalisation for children on ARVs.
(a)

FrequencyPercent

Abscess/diarrhoea10.26
Abscess/pneumonia10.26
Anaemia20.52
Anaemia/TB20.52
Bronchitis/empyema10.26
Bronchitis/pneumonia10.26
Cellulitis pneumonia10.26
Chicken pox30.78
Conjunctivitis/marasmus/diarrhoea10.26
Diarrhoea123.1
Diarrhoea/abscess/TB/bronchitis30.78
Diarrhoea/kwashiorkor/paronychia20.52
Diarrhoea/lymphadenopathy10.26
Diarrhoea/malaria10.26
Diarrhoea/pneumonia/malaria/lymphadenopathy10.26
Diarrhoea/pneumonia/marasmus/kwashiorkor/TB102.6
Diarrhoea/TB41.04
Eczema/pneumonia10.26
Fevers/measles/TB/pneumonia41.04
Gastroenteritis/dysentery/gastritis71.82
Herpes simplex10.26
Herpes zoster/pneumonia30.78
Lymphadenopathy/parotitis51.3
Malaria92.33
Malaria/anaemia/diarrhoea/malnutrition/TB/marasmus/meningitis/pneumonia184.68
Malnutrition/TB/measles/marasmus/chicken pox/diarrhoea174.42
Marasmus/kwashiorkor20.52
Marasmus/kwashiorkor/diarrhoea/dehydration10.26
Marasmus/kwashiorkor/pneumonia/TB102.6
Measles41.03
Measles/pneumonia20.52
Meningitis/malaria/pneumonia/otitis media pneumonia153.89
Pleural effusion10.26
Pneumonia4912.74
Pneumonia/abscess/malaria/TB/fever/kwashiokor/measles/ari/septecemia277.02
Pneumonia/anaemia4411.44
RTI205.2
Septic arthritis10.26
Septicaemia10.26
Septicaemia/meningitis10.26
Septicaemia/meningitis/pneumonia/TB10.26
TB7519.5
TB/diarrhoea/malnutrition/thrush/meningitis/neutritis/tonsilities153.9
Unknown30.78
Chicken pox10.26
UTI10.26
UTI/oral thrush10.26

(b)

ConditionFrequencyPercent

Papular pruritic eruptions10.13
Extensive molluscum contagiosum10.13
Recurrent oral ulcerations (2 or more episodes in 6 months)10.13
Unexplained persistent parotid enlargement20.27
Recurrent or chronic upper respiratory tract infections (otitis media, otorrhoea, sinusitis, tonsillitis)10.13
Moderate unexplained malnutrition not adequately responding to standard therapy8311.05
Unexplained persistent diarrhoea (>14 days)16321.7
Unexplained persistent fever (above 37.5 intermittent or constant, for >1 month)17623.44
Persistent oral candidiasis (outside neonatal period)749.85
Oral hairy leukoplakia10.13
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis10.13
Pulmonary tuberculosis709.32
Severe recurrent presumed bacterial pneumonia7910.52
Unexplained anaemia (<8 gm/dL), neutropenia (<500/mm3), or thrombocytopenia (<50,000/mm3) for > 1 month101.33
Symptomatic lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP)40.53
TB lymphadenitis10.13
Unexplained severe wasting or severe malnutrition not adequately responding to therapy729.59
Recurrent severe presumed bacterial infections10.13
Chronic herpes simplex infection (orolabial or cutaneous, for >1 month, visceral at any site)10.13
Extrapulmonary TB50.67
Kaposi’s sarcoma20.27
Oesophageal candidiasis (or candida of trachea, bronchi, or lungs)10.13
Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis including meningitis10.13