Research Article
Childhood Adversities and Physical and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults Living with HIV: Findings from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study
Table 2
Sociodemographic characteristics and number of childhood adversities.
| | Characteristics | Number of childhood adversities | χ2/ | value | | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5–7 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Age group | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ≤30 | 17 | (4%) | 13 | (4%) | 24 | (9%) | 14 | (9%) | 15 | (11%) | 11 | (11%) | 43.7 | <0.001 | | 31–40 | 55 | (14%) | 54 | (15%) | 47 | (18%) | 26 | (16%) | 31 | (23%) | 17 | (17%) | | 41–50 | 140 | (35%) | 124 | (35%) | 83 | (32%) | 61 | (37%) | 53 | (39%) | 41 | (42%) | | >50 | 192 | (48%) | 159 | (45%) | 105 | (41%) | 62 | (38%) | 36 | (27%) | 29 | (30%) | | Sex | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Female | 73 | (18%) | 62 | (18%) | 56 | (22%) | 36 | (22%) | 26 | (9%) | 25 | (26%) | 10.0 | 0.445 | | Male, MSM | 251 | (62%) | 227 | (65%) | 159 | (61%) | 105 | (64%) | 90 | (67%) | 53 | (54%) | | Male, non-MSM | 80 | (20%) | 61 | (17%) | 44 | (17%) | 22 | (13%) | 19 | (14%) | 20 | (20%) | | Race or ethnicity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Indigenous | 14 | (3%) | 18 | (5%) | 15 | (6%) | 9 | (6%) | 9 | (7%) | 7 | (7%) | 18.1 | 0.258 | | African/Black/Caribbean | 83 | (21%) | 88 | (25%) | 73 | (28%) | 44 | (27%) | 42 | (31%) | 21 | (21%) | | Other, non-White | 72 | (18%) | 49 | (14%) | 31 | (12%) | 25 | (15%) | 16 | (12%) | 12 | (12%) | | White | 235 | (58%) | 195 | (56%) | 140 | (54%) | 85 | (52%) | 68 | (50%) | 58 | (59%) | | Born in Canada | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | No | 178 | (44%) | 163 | (47%) | 112 | (43%) | 63 | (39%) | 65 | (48%) | 32 | (33%) | 9.2 | 0.103 | | Yes | 224 | (55%) | 186 | (53%) | 146 | (56%) | 100 | (61%) | 70 | (52%) | 66 | (67%) | | Marital status | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Married/committed relationship | 64 | (16%) | 42 | (12%) | 32 | (12%) | 18 | (11%) | 12 | (9%) | 18 | (18%) | 8.7 | 0.121 | | Single/divorced/widowed | 337 | (83%) | 307 | (88%) | 227 | (88%) | 145 | (89%) | 123 | (91%) | 79 | (81%) | | Highest education level | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Some high school or less | 31 | (8%) | 36 | (10%) | 33 | (13%) | 22 | (13%) | 19 | (14%) | 23 | (23%) | 43.8 | <0.001 | | Completed high school | 69 | (17%) | 72 | (21%) | 41 | (16%) | 24 | (15%) | 33 | (24%) | 21 | (21%) | | College/some university | 167 | (41%) | 124 | (35%) | 100 | (39%) | 78 | (48%) | 55 | (41%) | 33 | (34%) | | Completed university | 137 | (34%) | 118 | (34%) | 85 | (33%) | 39 | (24%) | 28 | (21%) | 21 | (21%) | | Employment status | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Employed | 236 | (58%) | 171 | (49%) | 108 | (16%) | 69 | (42%) | 54 | (40%) | 35 | (36%) | 54.9 | <0.001 | | Unemployed and seeking | 16 | (4%) | 29 | (8%) | 33 | (25%) | 26 | (16%) | 15 | (11%) | 12 | (12%) | | Not in labour force | 79 | (20%) | 68 | (19%) | 55 | (20%) | 24 | (15%) | 28 | (21%) | 21 | (21%) | | On disability | 73 | (18%) | 82 | (23%) | 63 | (19%) | 44 | (27%) | 38 | (28%) | 30 | (31%) | | Annual personal income | | | | | | | | | | | | | 69.6 | <0.001 | | <20,000 | 127 | (31%) | 136 | (39%) | 120 | (46%) | 75 | (46%) | 83 | (61%) | 57 | (58%) | | 20,000–49,999 | 140 | (35%) | 118 | (34%) | 90 | (35%) | 49 | (30%) | 37 | (27%) | 30 | (31%) | | ≥50,000 | 137 | (34%) | 96 | (27%) | 49 | (19%) | 39 | (24%) | 15 | (11%) | 11 | (11%) | | Hazardous alcohol use | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yes | 135 | (33%) | 118 | (34%) | 73 | (28%) | 48 | (29%) | 41 | (30%) | 32 | (33%) | 3.2 | 0.667 | | No | 269 | (67%) | 232 | (66%) | 186 | (72%) | 115 | (71%) | 94 | (70%) | 66 | (67%) | | Cigarette smoking | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Smoker | 94 | (23%) | 95 | (27%) | 77 | (30%) | 55 | (34%) | 46 | (34%) | 40 | (41%) | 22.7 | 0.004 | | Nonsmoker | 310 | (77%) | 255 | (73%) | 182 | (70%) | 108 | (66%) | 89 | (66%) | 58 | (59%) | | Nonmedicinal drug use | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yes | 38 | (9%) | 50 | (14%) | 32 | (12%) | 15 | (9%) | 20 | (15%) | 21 | (21%) | 14.0 | 0.016 | | No | 366 | (91%) | 300 | (86%) | 227 | (88%) | 148 | (91%) | 115 | (85%) | 77 | (79%) | | Sex with HIV-negative/unknown partner | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Unknown/missing | 71 | (18%) | 71 | (20%) | 41 | (16%) | 35 | (21%) | 33 | (24%) | 28 | (29%) | 12.9 | 0.230 | | Not sexually active | 153 | (38%) | 146 | (42%) | 114 | (44%) | 57 | (35%) | 48 | (36%) | 33 | (34%) | | Had sex with condom | 151 | (37%) | 104 | (30%) | 78 | (30%) | 56 | (34%) | 42 | (31%) | 24 | (24%) | | Had sex without condom | 29 | (7%) | 29 | (8%) | 26 | (10%) | 15 | (9%) | 12 | (9%) | 13 | (13%) | | On antiretroviral treatment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yes | 382 | (95%) | 315 | (90%) | 240 | (93%) | 148 | (91%) | 120 | (89%) | 82 | (84%) | 15.0 | 0.010 | | No | 22 | (5%) | 35 | (10%) | 19 | (7%) | 15 | (9%) | 15 | (11%) | 16 | (16%) | | Recent CD4 count (cells/mm3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <200 | 28 | (7%) | 33 | (9%) | 21 | (8%) | 11 | (7%) | 7 | (5%) | 10 | (10%) | 12.6 | 0.245 | | 200–499 | 152 | (38%) | 160 | (46%) | 116 | (45%) | 65 | (40%) | 59 | (44%) | 41 | (42%) | | ≥500 | 224 | (55%) | 157 | (45%) | 122 | (47%) | 87 | (53%) | 69 | (51%) | 47 | (48%) | | Recent viral load (copies/mL) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <50 | 337 | (83%) | 278 | (79%) | 207 | (80%) | 139 | (85%) | 96 | (71%) | 70 | (71%) | 17.1 | 0.005 | | ≥50 | 67 | (17%) | 72 | (21%) | 52 | (20%) | 24 | (15%) | 39 | (29%) | 28 | (29%) | | Diagnosed with AIDS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yes | 167 | (41%) | 164 | (47%) | 119 | (46%) | 66 | (40%) | 52 | (39%) | 45 | (46%) | 5.1 | 0.399 | | No | 237 | (59%) | 186 | (53%) | 140 | (54%) | 97 | (60%) | 83 | (61%) | 53 | (54%) |
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Past 12 months. Past 30 days. Significant linear trend, . Past six months. Includes blood transfusion and mother-to-child transmission. Past 3 months. |
