Research Article

Childhood Adversities and Physical and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults Living with HIV: Findings from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study

Table 6

Childhood adversities as predictors of undetectable viral load (<50 copies/mL) and CD4 count (≥200 cells/mm3): results from bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models.

Predictor variableUndetectable viral load (<50 copies/mL)CD4 count (≥200 cells/mm3)
Bivariable regression modelMultivariable regression modelBivariable regression modelMultivariable regression model
OR (95% CI)AOR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)AOR (95% CI)

Childhood adversity (number)
Five to seven0.50 (0.30, 0.83)0.0070.83 (0.47, 1.46)0.5180.66 (0.31, 1.40)0.2750.98 (0.43, 2.24)0.966
Four0.49 (0.31, 0.77)0.0020.69 (0.42, 1.13)0.1421.36 (0.58, 3.19)0.4781.91 (0.78, 4.67)0.156
Three1.15 (0.69, 1.91)0.5851.44 (0.84, 2.47)0.1841.03 (0.50, 2.12)0.9381.32 (0.62, 2.81)0.473
Two0.79 (0.53, 1.18)0.2540.92 (0.60, 1.41)0.7060.84 (0.47, 1.52)0.5720.98 (0.53, 1.81)0.955
One0.77 (0.53, 1.11)0.1600.85 (0.57, 1.24)0.3950.72 (0.42, 1.21)0.2110.78 (0.45, 1.33)0.363
None (ref)1.001.00-1.001.00
Age in years
>503.84 (2.35, 6.27)<0.0012.20 (1.21, 4.00)0.0101.01 (0.41, 2.45)0.9891.54 (0.55, 4.33)0.414
41–501.93 (1.20, 3.10)0.0071.38 (0.80, 2.35)0.2440.60 (0.25, 1.45)0.2580.86 (0.33, 2.23)0.750
31–401.32 (0.79, 2.19)0.2911.13 (0.66, 1.96)0.6540.91 (0.35, 2.41)0.8521.11 (0.40, 3.03)0.845
≤30 (ref)1.00-1.001.00
Sex/gender
Female1.36 (0.91, 2.03)0.1331.39 (0.90, 2.15)0.1391.59 (0.87, 2.91)0.1331.57 (0.82, 2.99)0.173
Male, MSM1.76 (1.27, 2.45)0.0011.57 (1.08, 2.29)0.0201.61 (1.00, 2.59)0.0501.36 (0.80, 2.32)0.253
Male, non-MSM (ref)1.001.00-1.001.00
Race/ethnicity
Indigenous0.72 (0.41, 1.25)0.2411.07 (0.59, 1.95)0.8240.76 (0.33, 1.73)0.5091.00 (0.43, 2.35)0.999
African/Caribbean/Black0.78 (0.57, 1.06)0.1131.27 (0.83, 1.94)0.2670.86 (0.54, 1.38)0.5340.97 (0.52, 1.80)0.920
Other, non-White0.71 (0.49, 1.04)0.0760.86 (0.57, 1.28)0.4490.70 (0.41, 1.20)0.1940.76 (0.43, 1.34)0.344
White (ref)1.001.001.001.00
Education
Less than HS completion0.60 (0.39, 0.92)0.0200.95 (0.57, 1.56)0.8270.50 (0.27, 0.95)0.0340.68 (0.34, 1.37)0.279
Completed high school0.60 (0.41, 0.87)0.0080.72 (0.48, 1.10)0.1280.49 (0.28, 0.86)0.0130.63 (0.35, 1.13)0.123
Some postsecondary0.86 (0.61, 1.19)0.3590.98 (0.69, 1.40)0.9250.85 (0.50, 1.43)0.5330.94 (0.55, 1.62)0.825
Completed university (ref)1.001.001.001.00
Born in Canada
Yes1.14 (0.88, 1.49)0.314--1.08 (0.73, 1.59)0.714--
No (ref)1.00--1.00--
Currently employed
Yes1.25 (0.96, 1.63)0.0961.25 (0.92, 1.69)0.1541.46 (0.98, 2.18)0.0611.28 (0.83, 1.99)0.268
No (ref)1.001.001.001.00
Hazardous alcohol use
Yes0.95 (0.72, 1.26)0.717--1.04 (0.68, 1.59)0.848--
No (ref)1.00--1.00--
Cigarette smoking
Current smoker0.57 (0.43, 0.77)<0.0010.69 (0.49, 0.97)0.0350.63 (0.41, 0.98)0.0420.77 (0.47, 1.26)0.295
Former smoker1.20 (0.84, 1.72)0.3131.08 (0.73, 1.60)0.6921.01 (0.60, 1.69)0.9841.03 (0.59, 1.80)0.919
Never smoker (ref)1.001.001.001.00
Nonmedicinal drug use
Yes0.53 (0.37, 0.75)<0.0010.77 (0.51, 1.14)0.1931.07 (0.59, 1.95)0.8241.25 (0.65, 2.42)0.502
No (ref)1.001.001.001.00
Duration of HIV infection
Years (per 10 years)1.71 (1.44, 2.03)<0.0011.38 (1.11, 1.71)0.0040.85 (0.67, 1.08)0.1770.75 (0.55, 1.02)0.067

AOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. Bold face indicates statistical significance . Note. Variables with in bivariable regression models were included in multivariable regression models. The final multivariable models are further adjusted for mastery, social support, coping, and stress.