Does Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Provide Better Treatment Outcomes in HIV-Infected Individuals in Northern Ethiopia? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Table 4
Results of Cox regression analysis for factors associated with survival status among patients living with HIV/AIDS taking IPT and ART versus ART alone in Northern Ethiopia, 2009–2017.
Variable
Survival status
Death, n (%)
CHR [95% CI]
value
AHR [95% CI]
value
Alive, n (%)
Sex
Female
1,076 (94.4)
64 (5.6)
0.465 [0.336–0.643]
<0.0001
0.691 [0.495–0.964]
0.030
Male
638 (88.2)
85 (11.8)
Reference
Reference
Reference
Residence
Urban
1,161 (93.0)
87 (7.0)
0.680 [0.491–0.941]
0.020
0.595 [0.427–0.831]
0.002
Rural
553 (89.9)
62 (10.1)
Reference
Reference
Scheduling
Unscheduled
641 (89.0)
79 (11.0)
0.712 [0.606–0.837]
0.0001
1.601 [1.154–2.222]
0.005
Scheduled
1,073 (93.9)
70 (6.1)
Reference
Reference
Baseline functional status
Bedridden (2)
121 (88.3)
16 (11.7)
2.163 [1.255–3.726]
0.005
1.617 [0.935–2.796]
0.086
Ambulatory (1)
415 (86.6)
64 (13.4)
2.515 [1.790–3.534]
<0.0001
2.324 [1.643–3.288]
<0.0001
Working
1,178 (94.5)
69 (5.5)
Reference
Reference
CD4+ T cells (in cells/mm3)
≥250
1,318 (96.1)
54 (3.9)
0.176 [0.126–0.246]
<0.0001
0.217 [0.154–0.307]
<0.0001
<250
396 (80.7)
95 (19.3)
Reference
<0.0001
Reference
Exposure to IPT
No
1113 (89.6)
129 (10.4)
Reference
Reference
Yes
601 (96.8)
20 (3.2)
0.296 [0.185–0.474]
<0.0001
0.339 [0.211–0.545]
<0.0001
Statistically significant at; statistically significant at . The following factors were analyzed at the crude stage: sex, age, place of residence, scheduling, baseline functional status, specific ARV regimen, body mass index, exposure variable, and WHO clinical staging. AHR: adjusted hazard ratio; ARV: antiretroviral regimen; BMI: body mass index; CD4+ T cells: cluster of differentiation 4 positive T cells; CI: confidence interval; CHR: crude hazard ratio; WHO: World Health Organization.