Overweight and Obesity among Recipients of Antiretroviral Therapy at HIV Clinics in Gaborone, Botswana: Factors Associated with Change in Body Mass Index

Table 5

Predictors of overweight/obesity and factors independently associated with BMI changes among HIV patients after ART initiation at Princess Marina Hospital and Bontleng anti-retroviral therapy clinics in Botswana. Dependent variable: overweight/obesity ().

Independent variables	Number (%)	Unadjusted		Adjusted
		OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Age-2 (years, mean ± SD)	47.6 ± 9.6	0.99	0.97–1.01	1.01	0.98–1.03
ART regimen
Second- or third-line	208 (39.2)	1^†	—	1^†	—
First-line	323 (60.8)	1.2	0.86–1.74	1.22	0.82–1.79
Duration of exposure (months, mean ± SD)	84.9 ± 29.7	0.95	0.88–1.02	0.95	0.85–1.02
Gender
Male	163 (30.7)	1^†	—	1^†	—
Female	368 (69.3)	3.00	2.00–4.45	2.84	1.83–4.42
CD4 cell count/mm^3
≥ 350	421 (79.3)	1^†	—	1^†	—
201-249	76 (14.3)	0.27	0.15–0.48	0.38	0.16–0.89
Nadir (0–200)	34 (6.4)	0.29	0.13–0.66	0.30	0.17–0.55
DRC
Absent	442 (83.2)	1^†	—	1^†	—
Present	89 (16.8)	1.88	1.18–2.98	2.2	1.18–3.39

Age-2 = age at the last clinic visit; ART = antiretroviral therapy; DRC = diabetes-related comorbidity; OR = odd ratio; CI = confidence interval; ; ; Cox and Snell ; Hosmer and Lemeshow ; ^†reference group.