Physical Examination Tools Used to Identify Swollen and Tender Lower Limb Joints in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Scoping Review

Table 2

Summary of potential eligible studies.

Author(s)	Year	Aim	Sample size	Type of PE tool	Joint count	Included (yes/no)
Andre et al.	2004	To develop a new juvenile arthritis foot disability index (JAFI) and to test it for validity and reliability	36 JIA participants; 29 controls	Unclear	Foot and ankle disability questionnaire	No
Anink et al.	2014	Conference abstract paper of Dijkstra et al. (2015)	—	—	-	No
Armbrust et al.	2013	To investigate the assessment by patients and parents of disease activity in JIA and compare against rheumatologist	113 JIA participants	Full body manikin, PE tool. Includes both lower and upper limbs	69-joint count; Lower and upper limbs	No
Bandeira et al.	2006	Developing a set of weighted scores for joint counts in JIA	121 JIA participants	Unclear	67-joint count; Lower and upper limbs	No
Bazso et al.	2009	To develop and test reduced joint counts in children with JIA	Retrospective design: total of 4353 participants	Simple joint count unclear on type of tool (i.e., manikin/figure/form)	Four different joint counts: 45, 35, 27, and 10; Lower and upper limbs	No
Consolaro et al.	2009	To develop and validate a composite disease activity score for JIA, the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS)	Retrospective design: total of 4578 participants	Simple joint count unclear on type of tool (i.e., manikin/figure)	Three different joint counts: 71, 27, and 10; Lower and upper limbs	No
Consolaro et al.	2014	Review article	—	—	—	No
Dijkstra et al.	2015	To evaluate reliability of a manikin-format patient reported joint count in JIA	75 JIA participants	Full body manikin, PE tool. Includes both lower/upper limbs	69-joint count (same PE tool as Dijkstra); Lower and upper limbs	No
Hendry et al.	2012	Agreement of clinical examination versus ultrasonography of foot disease in JIA	30 JIA participants	Unclear	24-joint count (12 each side); Foot and ankle only	No
Magni-Manzoni et al.	2005	Not relevant	—	—	-	No
Magni-Manzoni et al.	2009	To compare clinical evaluation and ultrasonography in the assessment of joint synovitis in JIA	32 JIA participants	Unclear	52-joint count; Lower and upper limbs	No
Viola et al.	2005	To develop and validate a clinical measure of articular and extra-articular damage in patients; with JIA	158 JIA participants	Simple joint count unclear on type of tool (i.e., manikin/figure)	67-joint count; Lower and upper limbs	No