Investigations of the Biological Effects of Airborne and Inhalable Substances by Cell-Based In Vitro Methods: Fundamental Improvements to the ALI Concept

Figure 1

The exposure as an isolated step in the experimental “basic” cell-based process leads to an unfavourable, time-consuming, expensive, and cell-damaging handling of the biological test system in a disrupted workflow in current exposure setups (upper diagram). The “all-in-one-plate” process based on the use of cell culture supports in standard multiwell plates throughout the whole experimental process enables a completely integrated workflow and extended experimental possibilities in the improved ALI procedure.