Endoscopic Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux with Dextranomer/Hyaluronic Acid in Children

Table 1

Success rates of endoscopic treatment for primary VUR. Meta-analysis by Elder JS et al. 2006 summarizes results until 2003. More recent series are listed below. Initial success after one treatment and final success after two or more treatments.

Reference	Bulking agent	Injected volume	Ureters	Follow-up	Success
					Initial	Final
Elder et al. 2006 [27]	Various	0.2–1.7 mL	8101	variable	76%	85%
Capozza et al. 2004 [33]	Various	0.2–2.2 mL	1694	12–204 months		77%
Kirsch et al. 2004 [5]	Dx/HA	0.5–1.5 mL	119	3–12 months	92%
Kirsch et al. 2006 [34]	Dx/HA	0.8–2.0 mL	139	3–18 months	93%
Van Capelle et al. 2004 [35]	PDMS	0.2–2 mL	311	3–110 months		75%
Kajbafzadeh et al. 2006 [36]	Ca hydroxylapatite	0.4–0.6 mL	364	6 months		69%
Yu and Roth 2006 [6]	Dx/HA	1 mL	162	2–26 months	87%	93%
Puri et al. 2006 [37]	Dx/HA	0.2–1.5 mL	1101	3–46 months	87%	96%
Lorenzo et al. 2006 [38]	PDMS		351	72 months		72%
Pinto et al. 2006 [39]	Dx/HA		86	3 months		84%