Review Article
Review of Topical Treatment of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Table 1
Mechanism of immunotherapy agents.
| BCG | Inflammatory host response | Release of cytokines |
| Interferon | Lymphocyte activation | Cytokine release | Phagocyte stimulation | Antiproliferative actions | Antiangiogenic |
| Thiotepa | Alkylating agent | | Crosslinks nucleic acids |
| Mitomycin C | Inhibits DNA synthesis |
| Gemcitabine | Deoxyctidine analog | Inhibits DNA synthesis |
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