Author Patients in followup Rhizotomy (intradural/ extradural) Implantation (intradural/ extradural) Followup (years) Autonomic dysreflexia (before/after) Use for voiding (% of patients) Continence (% of patients) Bladder capacity (% of increase) Residual urine (% of patients) UTI incidence (% of patients or incidence/year) Use for defecation (% of patients) Use for erections (% of males) Brindley et al. [4 ] 38 ♂ 12 ♀
1
7
/
0
(S2 and/or S3)
5
0
/
0
1–9
0
/
1
(during stimulation)86% 62% — 80% <60 mL — — 68% Madersbacher et al. [12 ] 1 ♂ 6 ♀
7
/
0
7
/
0
— —(1 during stimulation) 100% 100% 122% 100% <40 mL After 0% 29% 100% Robinson et al. [14 ] 20 ♂ 2 ♀ — — — — 73% 68% — — — — 30% (0% of ♂ used stimulation for sexual intercourse) MacDonagh et al. [11 ] 9 ♂ 3 ♀
9
/
0
1
2
/
0
2.2 — 100% — — — — 50% complete emptying with stimulation — Sauerwein et al. [16 ] 5 ♂ 6 ♀
0
/
1
2
0
/
1
2
— — 82% 64% — 100% <50 mL — — — Van Kerrebroeck et al. [19 ] 90 ♂ 94 ♀
∗
∗
—
1
6
6
/
1
8
—
2
6
/
1
0
92% 86% — 82%
<
3
0
mL Before 88% After 17% 70% 74% (32% of ♂ used stimulation for sexual intercourse) Madersbacher et al. [13 ] 8 ♂ 22 ♀ —
2
7
/
4
— — 97% 93% — 90% <50 mL — — — Sarrias et al. [15 ] 1 ♂ 6 ♀
7
/
0
0
/
7
— — 100% 100% — 100% <50 mL — 100% — Brindley [6 ] 271 ♂ 229 ♀
∗
∗
— ≤477/≥23 4 —(3 during stimulation) 86% — — — — — — Van Kerrebroeck et al. [3 ] 29 ♂ 18 ♀
4
7
/
0
4
7
/
0
3.5
7
/
5
(2 during stimulation)96% 91% — 87%
<
5
0
mL Before 4.2/year After 1.4/year 87% 62% (21% of ♂ used stimulation for sexual intercourse) Schurch et al. [17 ] 3 ♂ 7 ♀
1
0
/
0
1
0
/
0
3.4
6
/
6
(during stimulation)100% 80% 213% 100% <50 mL Before 80% After 60% — — Egon et al. [8 ] 68 ♂ 28 ♀
−
/
−
9
0
/
9
5.4 ♂ 5.8 ♀
2
2
/
0
90% 89% 134% ♂ 375% ♀ (range 300–600) 86% <50 mL Before 100% After 31% 55% (41% of these complete evacuation with stimulation alone) 75% (26% of ♂ used stimulation for sexual intercourse) V/d Aa et al. [18 ] 33 ♂ 4 ♀
3
7
/
0
3
7
/
0
0.3–12 — 100% 84% — 73% <30 mL — 73% 88% Bauchet et al. [5 ] 6 ♂ 14 ♀
2
0
/
0
2
0
/
1
4.5
3
/
0
90% 90% 142% 95% <50 mL — 40% — Creasey et al. [7 ] 16 ♂ 7 ♀
2
3
/
0
0
/
2
3
>1
8
/
2
78% 87% — 70% <50 mL Before 3/year After 2/year 100% — Vastenholt et al. [20 ] 32 ♂ 5 ♀
3
7
/
0
3
7
/
0
7.2 — 87% 57% — — — 60% 65% (0% of ♂ used stimulation for sexual intercourse) Hamel et al. [9 ] 4 ♂
4
/
0
0
/
4
— — 100% 75% — 100% <50 mL — 50% 75% (0% of ♂ used stimulation for sexual intercourse) Kutzenberger et al. [10 ] 440 ♂+♀ Almost all intradural Almost all intradural 6.6
1
8
7
/
2
95% 83% 172% — Before 6.3/year After 1.2/year 91% —