Review Article

Clinical Results of a Brindley Procedure: Sacral Anterior Root Stimulation in Combination with a Rhizotomy of the Dorsal Roots

Table 1

Publications on clinical results of the Brindley procedure.

AuthorPatients
in followup
Rhizotomy
(intradural/
extradural)
Implantation
(intradural/
extradural)
Followup
(years)
Autonomic dysreflexia
(before/after)
Use for voiding
(% of patients)
Continence
(% of patients)
Bladder capacity
(% of increase)
Residual urine
(% of patients)
UTI incidence
(% of patients or incidence/year)
Use for defecation
(% of patients)
Use for
erections
(% of males)

Brindley et al. [4]38 ♂
12 ♀
1 7 / 0
(S2 and/or S3)
5 0 / 0 1–9 0 / 1 (during stimulation)86%62%80%
<60 mL
68%
Madersbacher et al. [12]1 ♂
6 ♀
7 / 0 7 / 0 —(1 during stimulation)100%100%122%100%
<40 mL
After 0%29%100%
Robinson
et al. [14]
20 ♂
2 ♀
73%68%30%
(0% of ♂
used
stimulation
for sexual
intercourse)
MacDonagh
et al. [11]
9 ♂
3 ♀
9 / 0 1 2 / 0 2.2100%50% complete emptying with stimulation
Sauerwein
et al. [16]
5 ♂
6 ♀
0 / 1 2 0 / 1 2 82%64%100%
<50 mL
Van Kerrebroeck
et al. [19]
90 ♂
94 ♀
1 6 6 / 1 8 2 6 / 1 0 92%86%82% < 3 0  mLBefore
88%
After 17%
70%74%
(32% of ♂
used
stimulation
for sexual
intercourse)
Madersbacher et al. [13]8 ♂
22 ♀
2 7 / 4 97%93%90%
<50 mL
Sarrias et al. [15]1 ♂
6 ♀
7 / 0 0 / 7 100%100%100%
<50 mL
100%
Brindley [6]271 ♂
229 ♀
≤477/≥234—(3 during stimulation)86%
Van Kerrebroeck
et al. [3]
29 ♂
18 ♀
4 7 / 0 4 7 / 0 3.5 7 / 5
(2 during stimulation)
96%91%87% < 5 0  mLBefore
4.2/year
After 1.4/year
87%62%
(21% of ♂
used
stimulation
for sexual
intercourse)
Schurch et al. [17]3 ♂
7 ♀
1 0 / 0 1 0 / 0 3.4 6 / 6 (during stimulation)100%80%213%100%
<50 mL
Before 80%
After 60%
Egon et al. [8]68 ♂
28 ♀
/ 9 0 / 9 5.4 ♂
5.8 ♀
2 2 / 0 90%89%134%  ♂
375%  ♀
(range 300–600)
86%
<50 mL
Before 100%
After 31%
55%
(41% of these complete evacuation with stimulation alone)
75%
(26% of ♂
used
stimulation
for sexual
intercourse)
V/d Aa et al. [18]33 ♂
4 ♀
3 7 / 0 3 7 / 0 0.3–12100%84%73%
<30 mL
73%88%
Bauchet et al. [5]6 ♂
14 ♀
2 0 / 0 2 0 / 1 4.5 3 / 0 90%90%142%95%
<50 mL
40%
Creasey et al. [7]16 ♂
7 ♀
2 3 / 0 0 / 2 3 >1 8 / 2 78%87%70%
<50 mL
Before 3/year
After 2/year
100%
Vastenholt
et al. [20]
32 ♂
5 ♀
3 7 / 0 3 7 / 0 7.287%57%60%65%
(0% of ♂
used
stimulation
for sexual
intercourse)
Hamel
et al. [9]
4 ♂ 4 / 0 0 / 4 100%75%100%
<50 mL
50%75%
(0% of ♂
used
stimulation
for sexual
intercourse)
Kutzenberger
et al. [10]
440
♂+♀
Almost all intraduralAlmost all intradural6.6 1 8 7 / 2 95%83%172%Before 6.3/year
After 1.2/year
91%

This overview includes several multicentre studies ( ) which include overlapping results with the reports of various single centre studies. Therefore, no accumulation of results is possible.
(−), unreported data or incomplete data for calculation; UTI, urinary tract infection.