Methylation Markers for Urine-Based Detection of Bladder Cancer: The Next Generation of Urinary Markers for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Bladder Cancer

Table 2

Performance of cytology and biomarkers in studies that include patients with suspicion of bladder cancer or patients previously diagnosed with bladder cancer.

Test/marker	Suspicion^a/previous^b history of BC	Samples/ studies	Sensitivity, % Median (range)	Specificity, % Median (range)	Reference
Cytology	Suspicion	3331/7	44% (16–100)	96 (94–98)	[12]
	Previous history of BC	4495/6	38% (12–47)	94 (83–97)
NMP22	Suspicion	1893/4	71 (56–100)	86 (80–87)	[12]
	Previous history of BC	4284/7	69 (50–85)	81 (46–93)
ImmunoCyt	Suspicion	280/1	85	88	[12]
	Previous history of BC	326/1	81	75
UroVysion	Suspicion	497/1	69	78	[12]
	Previous history of BC	250/1	64	73
PMF1	Suspicion	118/1	65	95	[58, 62]
	Previous history of BC
Myopodin	Suspicion	164/1	65	80	[57]
	Previous history of BC
IRF8, p14, and sFRP1	Suspicion	45/1	85	95	[63]
	Previous history of BC	4/1	100	—^c
MYO3A, CA10, NKX6-2, DBC1, and SOX11 or PENK	Suspicion	198/1	85	95	[64]
	Previous history of BC	40/1	85	—
ZNF154, EOMES, HOXA9, POU4F2, TWIST1, and VIM	Suspicion	79/1	98	100	[38, 65]
	Previous history of BC	206/1	94	66
TWIST1 and NID2	Suspicion	278/1	90	93	[66]
	Previous history of BC
RASSF1A, E-cadherin,	Suspicion				[79]
APC, DAPK, MGMT, BCL2, h-TERT, EDNRB, WIF1, TNFRSF25, and IGFBP3	Previous history of BC	40/1	86	8
APC, RASFF1A, RARB, DBC1, SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, SFRP5	Suspicion	146/1	52	100	[67]
	Previous history of BC
SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, SFRP5, VIF-1, and DKK3	Suspicion	264/1	61.1	93.3	[50, 68]
	Previous history of BC
RASSF1a, E-cad, and APC	Suspicion	104/1	69	60	[39, 69]
	Previous history of BC
APC_a, TERT_a, TERT_b, and EDNRB	Suspicion				[80]
	Previous history of BC	94	72	55

^aOnly studies that include patients with a suspicion of bladder cancer.
^bOnly studies that include patients with a previous history of bladder cancer.
^cSpecificity in studies using healthy individuals as controls is not shown.