Review Article
Primary Carcinoid Tumour of the Kidney: A Review of the Literature
Table 1
Features of reviewed cases of primary carcinoid tumours of the kidney.
| | Cases | Age | Sex | Presentation | Size | Laterality | A/Pathology | Necrosis | Mitosis | Calcification | Haemorrhage | Metastasis | Treatment | F/U (mth) | Outcome |
| | Szymanski et al. [8] | 58 | F | Total painless haematuria | 7 | R | − | + | − | − | − | − | RN | 18 | NED | | Rafique [9] | 44 | F | Flank pain | 8 | L | − | − | scanty | − | − | − | RN | 60 | NED | | Armah et al. [10] | 50 | F | Low back pain | 9.7 | R | HSK/MCT/PAC | − | − | + | − | − | PN | 6 | NED | | Singh et al. [11] | 57 | M | Painless haematuria | 8.5 | L | − | − | − | + | − | LN | RN | 12 | NED | | Armah and Parwani [12] | 35 | F | Flank pain | 2 | R | MT | − | − | + | − | − | PN | 6 | NED | |
Litwinowicz et al. [13] | 66 | M | Incidental | 8 | L | HSK | − | 2 | − | − | LN | RN | nr | nr | | Hasteh et al. [14] | 61 | F | Nr | nr | L | nr | 0 | nr | Nr | Nr | liver, bone, breast | RN | 60 | AWD | | Jain et al. [15] | 40 | F | loin pain | 3.5 | L | − | + | 1 | − | + | − | RN | 60 | NED | | Finley et al. [16] | 35 | F | Abd pain | 3.2 | L | − | − | − | + | − | LN | RN | 31 | NED | | Korkmaz et al. [17] | 75 | M | Flank pain, wt loss | 8.5 | L | − | + | 4 | − | − | LN, liver, lung, bone | Radiotherapy | 11 | DOD | | Lane et al. [18] | 68 | F | Incidental | 4.5 | R | HSK | − | − | Nr | Nr | Liver | PN | 28 | DOD | | Lane et al. [18] | 36 | F | Incidental | 3.5 | L | − | − | − | Nr | Nr | − | PN | 12 | NED | | Lane et al. [18] | 51 | M | Incidental | 8 | R | HSK | − | − | Nr | Nr | − | RN | 11 | NED | | Lane et al. [18] | 43 | F | Incidental | 6 | B | − | − | − | Nr | Nr | LN | Left RN right PN | 6 | NED | | Lane et al. [18] | 51 | M | Flank pain, haematuria | 3.5 | L | HSK | − | − | Nr | Nr | − | RN | 74 | NED | | Geramizadeh et al. [19] | 49 | F | Fever and flank pain | 2.5 | R | − | − | − | − | − | − | RN | 3 | NED | | Kuroda et al. [20] | 55 | F | Incidental | 5 | L | − | − | 0-1 | − | − | − | RN | 2 | NED | | Gedaly et al. [21] | 45 | F | Abd pain | 8 | R | − | − | nr | + | − | liver, LN | RN/hepatectomy | 12 | NED | | Chiang et al. [22] | 46 | M | Flank dull ache | 6.5 | L | − | − | nr | + | − | LN, liver, bone | RN | 12 | AWD. | | Sanjo et al. [23] | 38 | F | Incidental | 6 | R | − | − | low | + | − | − | RN | 12 | NED | | La Rosa et al. [24] | 39 | M | Abd mass & haematuria | 5.5 | R | − | − | nr | − | − | LN | RN | 3 | AWD | | Roy et al. [25] | 34 | M | Wt loss, epigastric discomfort | 9.5 | L | − | − | 1 | + | − | LN | RN | nr | nr | | Bhalla et al. [26] | 32 | M | Abd pain | 14.5 | R | HSK | + | − | − | − | LN, thyroid | Nr | 12 | AWD | |
Rodríguez-Covarrubias et al. [27] | 33 | F | Low back pain, constipation | nr | B | HSK | − | low | − | − | liver, lung | Right RN/left PN | 38 | AWD | | Ephrem et al. [28] | 61 | F | Abd pain wt loss | 16 | L | − | + | nr | − | − | − | RN/en bloc resection | 1 | NED | |
de Hoog et al. [29] | 51 | M | Lumbar back pain, sciatica | 3 | R | HSK | − | − | + | − | − | PN | 12 | NED | | Chung et al. [30] | 29 | F | Urinary frequency & loin Pain | 8 | R | − | nr | low | − | + | − | RN | 12 | NED | | Kubota et al. [31] | 63 | F | ABDOMINAL mass and fever | 12 | R | − | na | − | Na | + | − | RN | 8 | NED | | Kawahara et al. [32] | 50 | M | Incidental | 2.2 | R | − | − | scanty | − | − | − | RN | ns | ns |
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AWD: alive with disease. NED: no evidence of disease. DOD: died of disease. NS: not stated. NR: not reported. RN/PN: radical/partial nephrectomy. HSK: horseshoe kidney. MT: mature teratoma. PAC: primary adenocarcinoma. MCT: mature cystic teratoma. LN: lymph node. mitotic figures counted per 10 HPF-high power field.
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