Research Article
Utilization of Radiographic Imaging for Infant Hydronephrosis over the First 12 Months of Life
Table 1
Demographics of infant hydronephrosis cohort.
| | Variable | Total cohort (n = 1,380) | Initial hydronephrosis grade | value | | Mild (n = 990) | Moderate (n = 230) | Severe (n = 160) | | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| | Delivery | | | | | <0.001 | | Premature | 173 (18.6) | 148 (21.7) | 15 (10.4) | 10 (9.8) | | | Term | 756 (81.4) | 535 (78.3) | 129 (89.6) | 92 (90.2) |
| | Gender | | | | | 0.57 | | Male | 993 (72.0) | 706 (71.3) | 172 (74.8) | 115 (71.9) | | | Female | 387 (28.0) | 284 (28.7) | 58 (25.2) | 45 (28.1) |
| | Race/ethnicity | | | | | 0.07 | | White | 1008 (73.0) | 706 (71.3) | 171 (74.3) | 131 (81.9) | | | Hispanic | 261 (18.9) | 202 (20.4) | 39 (17.0) | 20 (12.5) | | Others | 111 (8.0) | 82 (8.3) | 20 (8.7) | 9 (5.6) |
| | Insurance status | | | | | 0.78 | | Private/commercial | 872 (63.2) | 623 (62.9) | 142 (61.7) | 107 (66.9) | | | Medicaid | 461 (33.4) | 335 (33.8) | 78 (33.9) | 48 (30.0) | | Public employee/military | 47 (3.4) | 32 (3.2) | 10 (4.3) | 5 (3.1) |
| | Residence | | | | | 0.24 | | Urban | 1289 (93.4) | 930 (93.9) | 209 (90.9) | 150 (93.8) | | | Rural | 91 (6.6) | 60 (6.1) | 21 (9.1) | 10 (6.3) |
| | No. of non-GU comorbidities | | | | | <0.001 | | 0 | 1077 (78.0) | 783 (79.1) | 177 (77.0) | 117 (73.1) | | | 1 | 161 (11.7) | 90 (9.1) | 39 (17.0) | 32 (20.0) | | 2 | 56 (4.1) | 39 (3.9) | 9 (3.9) | 8 (5.0) | | 3+ | 86 (6.2) | 78 (7.9) | 5 (2.2) | 3 (1.9) |
| | Infant UTI | | | | | 0.96 | | No | 1234 (89.4) | 886 (89.5) | 206 (89.6) | 142 (88.8) | | | Yes | 146 (10.6) | 104 (10.5) | 24 (10.4) | 18 (11.3) |
| | No. of CT and MRIs | | | | | 0.27 | | None | 1375 (99.6) | 988 (99.8) | 228 (99.1) | 159 (99.4) | | | 1 or more | 5 (0.4) | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.6) |
| | No. of diuretic renal scans | | | | | <0.001 | | None | 897 (65.0) | 798 (80.6) | 84 (36.5) | 15 (9.4) | | | 1 | 372 (27.0) | 171 (17.3) | 110 (47.8) | 91 (56.9) | | 2 or more | 111 (8.0) | 21 (2.1) | 36 (15.7) | 54 (33.8) |
| | No. of VCUGs | | | | | <0.001 | | None | 556 (40.3) | 505 (51.0) | 43 (18.7) | 8 (5.0) | | | 1 | 810 (58.7) | 476 (48.1) | 185 (80.4) | 149 (93.1) | | 2 or more | 14 (1.0) | 9 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) | 3 (1.9) |
| | No. of renal ultrasounds | | | | | <0.001 | | 1 | 554 (40.1) | 437 (44.1) | 63 (27.4) | 54 (33.8) | | | 2 | 575 (41.7) | 399 (40.3) | 111 (48.3) | 65 (40.6) | | 3 or more | 251 (18.2) | 154 (15.6) | 56 (24.3) | 41 (25.6) | | Median (IQR) | | 2 [1, 2] | 2 [1, 2] | 2 [1, 3] | | Max | | 5 | 6 | 5 |
| | Infant pyeloplasty | | | | | <0.001 | | No | 1302 (94.3) | 987 (99.7) | 212 (92.2) | 103 (64.4) | | | Yes | 78 (5.7) | 3 (0.3) | 18 (7.8) | 57 (35.6) |
| | Treated at tertiary care facility | | | | | 0.77 | | Yes | 937 (83.6) | 675 (83.4) | 154 (82.8) | 108 (85.7) | | | No | 184 (16.4) | 134 (16.6) | 32 (17.2) | 18 (14.3) |
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