Dysautonomia in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Case Reports of a Family with Review of the Literature

Table 1

Changes in transketolase activity (TKA), thiamine pyrophosphate effect (TPPE), and urinary heavy metal for the three family members. Normal TKA 42–86 mU/L/min. Acceptable range for TPPE 0–18%. Acceptable range for urinary arsenic 0–45 mg/G. Cr, for mercury, only traces.

	Year	TKA	TPPE	Urine As	Urine Hg
Mother	2004-Dec	31	74%%	23.9	3
	2006-Jul	48	4%
Daughter	2001-Dec	74	34%	133	4.5
	2002-Jun	62	2%
	2002-Aug	54	22%	39	0.2
	2002-Nov	82	0%
	2004-Sept	72	17%	8.8	1.3
Brother	2001-Dec	57	9%	109	2.3
	2002-Feb			222	<0.5
	2002-Jul			26	1.1
	2002-Nov			30	Tr
	2003-Jun			60.4	0.2
	2003-Aug	43	5%
	2006-Jul	64	6%
	2008-Oct	42	21%