Research Article

Reciprocity in Interaction: A Window on the First Year of Life in Autism

Table 3

Caregiver’s behaviors: means and standard deviations for ASD and TD. -test between groups at T1 and T2 and within groups in ASD and TD.

Caregiver’s behaviorsT1(1)T2(2) -test between groups -test within groups
(SD) (SD) value(3) value(3)
ASDTDASDTDASDTDASDTD

States(4)

Involvement
 % duration87 (14,1)76,9 (15,5)66,6 (24)82,4 (9,7)0,150,080,04*0,43
 rate/min2,4 (1,1)7,9 (11,2)3,5 (7,3)5,6 (6,5)0,310,520,950,64
Responsiveness
 % duration3,7 (1,1)3 (1,8)1,9 (0,8)2,2 (1)0,400,560,410,23
 rate/min0,3 (0,4)0,6 (0,7)0,3 (0,7)0,4 (0,4)0,320,790,870,57

Events(5)

Affectionate touch
 Total12,3 (7,7)9,5 (8,1)3 (2,6)6,2 (7,4)0,450,210,00**0,53
 Involvement12,2 (7,6)8,5 (7,4)2,9 (2,4)6,1 (7,3)0,290,200,00**0,09
 Responsiveness0,04 (0,1)1,02 (1,4)0,11 (0,2)0,1 (0,2)0,05*0,820,510,42
Vocalizations
 Total63,3 (29,9)55,5 (24,1)47,5 (34,5)66,5 (25,2)0,540,690,170,54
 Involvement59,2 (29,8)49,1 (24,5)44,4 (36,2)56,5 (22,5)0,440,400,220,97
 Responsiveness4,1 (4,3)6,4 (8,2)3,1 (3,8)6,4 (8,4)0,440,270,600,34
Stimulating gestures
 Total19,7 (10,9)21,4 (13,1)26 (13,7)21,7 (11,1)0,770,460,360,84
 Involvement19,6 (11)20,8 (13,224,8 (14,1)19,7 (10,9)0,820,390,440,12
 Responsiveness0,1 (0,3)0,5 (0,7)1,2 (1,4)1,9 (2,6)0,160,410,070,95
Name prompt2,7 (3,6)2,4 (1,4)3,1 (2,4)2,6 (1,5)0,820,550,720,83

(1)0–6 months period.
(2)6–12 months period.
(3)** ; * .
(4)State: the time interval in which the behavior is observed. Duration and frequency are considered.
(5)Events: single behaviors coded each time they are observed. Frequency is considered.