Potential Role of Selenoenzymes and Antioxidant Metabolism in relation to Autism Etiology and Pathology

Table 1

Glutathione and oxidative stress in autism.

Authors (Reference)	Control 𝑛	Autistic 𝑛	GSH status	Additional related findings
James et al. [14]	33	20	46%↓	↓GSH/GSSG, ↓SAM/SAH, ↓cysteine
James et al. [15]	73	80	32%↓	↓GSH/GSSG, ↓SAM/SAH, ↓cysteine
D. A. Geier and M. R. Geier [16]	Lab-based normal values	10	36%↓	↓Cysteine
Adams et al. [17]	55	43	21%↓	↓SAM, ↓cysteine, ↓vitamin E, ↑FIGLU
Paşca et al. [18]	13	15	33%↓	↓Cysteine
Pastural et al. [19]	12	15	35%↓	↓Cysteine
Al-Gadani et al. [20]	30	30	27%↓	↑Lipid peroxides, ↓vitamin E, ↓SOD, ↓GPx
Melnyk et al. [21]	40	40	29%↓	↓GSH/GSSG, ↓SAM/SAH, ↓cysteine, ↓DNA methylation
James et al. [22]	42	40	28%↓	↓GSH/GSSG, ↓SAM/SAH, ↓cysteine
Geier et al. [23]	120	28	24%↓	↓Cysteine
Geier et al. [24]	Lab-based normal values	28	24%↓	↑GSSG, ↓cysteine, ↓taurine, ↓sulfate