Recognition of Emotion from Facial Expressions with Direct or Averted Eye Gaze and Varying Expression Intensities in Children with Autism Disorder and Typically Developing Children

Table 1

Mean percent correct values for happy, sad, angry, and fear emotional expressions as a function of expression strength and eye gaze direction.

	100% emotion strength		50% emotion strength
	Direct	Averted	Direct	Averted
Typically developing children
Happy	88.0 (3.6)	92.8 (4.4)	58.0  (5.0)	79.5  (6.0)
Sad	72.0 (7.2)	78.7 (7.2)	20.9  (7.8)	47.1  (5.2)
Angry	78.0  (4.8)	96.3  (4.3)	41.6 (4.9)	47.1 (4.6)
Fear	88.1 (6.6)*	74.7 (6.0)*	57.4  (5.2) *	71.7  (8.1) *
Children with autism disorder
Happy	94.8 (3.6)	89.6 (4.4)	50.1  (5.1)	86.2  (6.0)
Sad	54.1 (6.4)	68.5 (7.1)	30.2 (5.1)	33.6 (5.2)
Angry	77.5 (4.2)	86.2 (4.7)	40.3 (5.4)	49.5 (4.6)
Fear	54.9 (5.6)*	54.5 (6.0)*	37.8 (5.9)*	58.5 (7.0)*

Adjusted group means as percent correct values are shown. Group means are adjusted for VMA. Standard deviations are in parentheses.
∗Asterisks indicate significant between-group differences (typically developing versus with autism disorder), 𝑃≤.05.
Bolded values indicate significant within-group differences (direct versus averted eye gaze), 𝑃≤.05.