Research Article

The Effects of Rhythm and Robotic Interventions on the Imitation/Praxis, Interpersonal Synchrony, and Motor Performance of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 5

An exemplar rhythm, robot, and comparison group training session.

ActivityRhythm groupRobot groupComparison group

1Hello song
(i) Child asked to sing to trainer and model
(ii) Song: hello everybody, yes indeed
Introduction
Child asked to greet the trainer, model, and robot
Introduction
Child asked to greet the trainer and model

2Action song
(i) Child asked to sing and engage in finger play
(ii) Song: open shut them
Warm-up game
Child asked to copy whole-body stretching moves of the Nao robot
Book reading
Child reads age-appropriate book while taking turns with trainer and model

3Beat keeping
(i) Child asked to copy trainer during rhythmic arm and leg actions
(ii) Song: stop, go, go, go
Action game
(i) Child asked to engage in upper and lower body synchrony games with Nao robot and model
(ii) Theme: start and stop game
Building
(i) Child builds creations using Play-Doh, Lego, and so forth
(ii) Theme: make a Lego car

4Music making
(i) Child asked to play instruments like drums, xylophones, cymbals, tambourines, and so forth
(ii) Song: jingle jingle jingle jive
Drumming game
(i) Child asked to practice simple and complex drum patterns with Nao robot and model
(ii) Theme: start and stop game
Arts and crafts
(i) Child makes creations by drawing, coloring, cutting, and so forth
(ii) Theme: make a vegetable basket

5Moving game
(i) Child asked to copy trainer during gross motor actions like skipping, hopping, jumping, and so forth
(ii) Song: on the bridge of Newtown
Walking
(i) Child asked to follow Rovio robot with the model to trace letters and shapes on the floor
(ii) Theme: tracing letter ā€œLā€
Cleanup
Child asked to clean up all supplies used for the session

6Farewell song
(i) Child asked to sing to trainer and model
(ii) Song: it was good to see you
Farewell
Child asked to bid goodbye to the trainer, model, and robot
Farewell
Child asked to bid goodbye to trainer and model