Efficacy of Germinated Cereals as Bait Carrier for Zinc Phosphide and Bromadiolone against Field and Commensal Rodent Pests: A Laboratory Evaluation
Table 4
Mortality of four species of rodents after being fed on 0.005% bromadiolone baits of germinated cereals for two days in choice tests.
Species
Bait
Body weight (g) mean ± SDa
2-day poison consumption (g)
Intake of active ingredient (mg/kg−1)
Days to death mean ± SDa
mean ± SDa
valueb
mean ± SDa
Mortality
Poison
Plain
Dead animals
Survived animals
Paddy
109.8 ± 16.3 (86–135)
8.3 ± 3.8 (3.1–13.5)
3.5 ± 1.7 (1–6.3)
0.005**
3.6 ± 1.5 (1.7–5.8)
1.8 ± 0.05 (0.7–1.8)
8/10
3.9 ± 2.3 (3–7)
B. bengalensis
Pearl millet
104 ± 17.7 (80–130)
8.4 ± 2.1 (3–10)
4.9 ± 1.0 (3.5–6.8)
0.001***
3.8 ± 1.1 (1.5–5.2)
1.5
9/10
3.9 ± 3.1 (1–8)
Finger millet
109.4 ± 25.3 (75–160)
6.4 ± 2.0 (1.3–4.2)
4.6 ± 0.8 (3.6–5.5)
0.016*
2.9 ± 0.9 (1.0–4.2)
1.0
9/10
4.3 ± 2.9 (3–11)
Paddy
44.2 ± 4.0 (39–50)
2.1 ± 1.5 (0.2–5)
5.3 ± 2.6 (1–8.9)
0.020*
2.3 ± 1.6 (0.8–5.5)
1.2 ± 0.9 (0.3–2.4)
6/10
4.0 ± 3.6 (4–8)
M. meltada
Pearl millet
39.3 ± 3.1 (33–43)
3.1 ± 1.4 (0.5–5)
3.2 ± 1.9 (1–5.5)
0.852NS
4.0 ± 1.8 (0.9–5)
—
10/10
7.9 ± 3.7 (2–14)
Finger millet
40.4 ± 5.4 (33–51)
5.2 ± 1.3 (3.2–7)
1.9 ± 2.4 (0–7)
0.021*
6.5 ± 1.7 (0.8–8.5)
1.7
9/10
6.2 ± 2.9 (4–10)
Paddy
8.6 ± 1.3 (6.95–11)
2.3 ± 0.5 (1.8–3.2)
1.0 ± 0.7 (0.1–2.1)
0.006**
12.6 ± 3.4 (7.7–17.8)
10.4 ± 1.1 (2–11.5)
8/10
4.9 ± 3.4 (3–10)
M. booduga
Pearl millet
9.4 ± 0.9 (8.1–11)
1.5 ± 0.6 (0.7–2.7)
1.6 ± 0.6 (0.6–2.5)
0.531NS
8.4 ± 4.1 (3.4–16.0)
3.6 ± 0.1 (3.4–3.8)
7/10
3.4 ± 2.7 (3–7)
Finger millet
8.5 ± 0.5 (7.8–9.1)
1.2 ± 0.5 (0.4–2.4)
1.4 ± 0.7 (0.5–2.9)
0.588NS
7.5 ± 3.6 (1.5–14.7)
2.7 ± 2.8 (0.4–7.2)
7/10
4.1 ± 4.9 (1–11)
Paddy
101.8 ± 22.4 (70–126)
7.6 ± 3.2 (3.8–13.6)
10.7 ± 3.5 (4.8–14.5)
0.126 NS
3.9 ± 1.5 (1.9–6.8)
2.8 ± 0.5 (2.3–3.5)
6/10
2.5 ± 2.9 (2–9)
R. rattus
Pearl millet
96.5 ± 17.4 (68–115)
8.2 ± 1.8 (5.8–12)
9.8 ± 2.2 (5.6–13.1)
0.218 NS
4.5 ± 1.9 (2.9–8.6)
2.6
9/10
5.4 ± 2.7 (3–10)
Finger millet
90.1 ± 11.3 (75–103)
8.1 ± 1.5 (4.5–10)
6.3 ± 1.0 (4.9–7.8)
0.031 NS
4.6 ± 1.2 (2.9–6.8)
2.5
9/10
7.5 ± 4.1 (5–14)
aMean and standard deviation values were obtained from observation of ten animals in each test (numbers in brackets are the range of values).
bThe difference between poison and plain bait intake is statistically significant based on paired “” test. *; **; ***; NS.
