Pharmacological and Toxicological Threshold of Bisammonium Tetrakis 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)pyridinium Decavanadate in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance

Table 3

Toxicological effect of V10-DMAP administration.

	NC ()	HC ()	HC-V10-DMAP-5 μmol ()	HC-V10-DMAP-10 μmol ()
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.65 ± 0.03	0.68 ± 0.02	0.62 ± 0.03	0.63 ± 0.04
AST (U/L)	117 ± 8	193 ± 11 ▲	105 ± 6 ↓	148 ± 7 ▲ ↓
ALT (U/L)	65 ± 4	90 ± 7 ▲	59 ± 4 ↓	78 ± 4 ↓
γ-GT (U/L)	55 ± 8	76 ± 6 ▲	63 ± 4 ↓	70 ± 5 ▲
LDH (U/L)	200 ± 12	455 ± 15 ▲	220 ± 14 ↓	316 ± 15 ▲ ↓

Results shown are the average ± SEM. ▲ indicates a significant difference with values above the control group with a normal calorie diet. ↓ indicates a significant difference with values below the HC group. Comparisons between groups were performed by a two-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test; . AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; γ-GT = gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase.