Study of Isothermal, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Parameters for Adsorption of Cadmium: An Overview of Linear and Nonlinear Approach and Error Analysis

Table 3

Error functions for optimization of equilibrium isotherms.

Error functions	R^2	ERRSQ/RSS	ARE	EABS	Chi-square (χ^2)
Linear approach
Freundlich	0.8092	0.0261	−0.8917	−1.9864	3.7154
Langmuir	0.9958	0.0060	−1.2623	−0.0054	0.0106
Dubinin–Radushkevich	0.0523	17.6722	26.6963	9.2320	4.9631
Elovich	0.9432	1.8130	−196.878	−3.9160	10.0831
Temkin	1	18.9131	−0.0723	−0.0055	0.6727
Nonlinear approach
Freundlich	0.9476	69.1613	−4.9554	−1.4878	40.3303
Langmuir	0.9893	14.0441	1.0363	0.6722	0.5029
Dubinin–Radushkevich	0.9148	166.7881	10.4851	9.4789	11.7308
Elovich	0.8354	1.0911	0.7977	5.3805	0.5322
Temkin	0.8359	766.4798	38.3613	49.2605	65.3952