Novel Gallium(III), Germanium(IV), and Hafnium(IV) Folate Complexes and Their Spectroscopic, Thermal Decomposition, Morphological, and Biological Characteristics

Table 4

TGA decomposition data of the FAH₂ ligand and synthesized complexes.

Compounds	Steps	Temp. range (°C)	Decomposed assignments	Residual species	Mass loss (%)
Ga(III)	1^st	56–181	−4H2O + NH3	Ga + carbon	90.698
	2^nd	181–445	−7C2H2 + 2NO + 5N2
	3^rd	445–800	−10C2H2 + 2CO + 4O2 + N2
Ge(IV)	1^st	30–146	−3H2O	Ge + carbon	84.167
	2^nd	146–321	−7C2H2 + 2NO + 5N2
	3^rd	321–800	−10C2H2 + 2CO + 4O2 + N2
Hf(IV)	1^st	34–154	−3H2O	Hf + carbon	84.023
	2^nd	154–380	−7C2H2 + 2NO + 5N2
	3^rd	380–800	−10C2H2 + 2CO + 4O2 + N2