Research Article

Influence of Muscle-Tendon Wrapping on Calculations of Joint Reaction Forces in the Equine Distal Forelimb

Table 1

Parameters for the distal forelimb model. The axis is directed from the proximal joint of the given segment toward the distal joint and the axis is directed cranially. and values, defining either the origin and insertion points of muscle-tendon paths, or the centers of pulleys and via points, are given as percentages of their respective segment lengths.

TendonElementSegmentRadius (mm) (%) (%)

SDFTPulleyMetacarpus40.13.47.2
Via PointPastern−7.1−27.6
InsertionPastern74.5−13.9
ILOriginMetacarpus21.60.0
PulleyPastern19.30.00.0
InsertionPastern74.5−13.9
DDFTOriginMetacarpus40.13.47.2
Via PointPastern1.6−31.0
PulleyHoof15.03.4−8.9
InsertionHoof32.0−11.6