Detection of GAD65 Autoreactive T-Cells by HLA Class I Tetramers in Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Table 1

Sex, age, islet-related autoantibody (IA-2A, IAA and GADA) profile, and associated disorders in 9 newly diagnosed T1D patients at disease onset. The diagnosis of T1D was done according to the WHO and the American Diabetes association (ADA) criteria. NT: not tested; pos: positive; neg: negative.

T1D patient	Sex	Age at onset (years)	IA-2A (cut-off <1.1)	IAA (cut-off <7%)	GADA* (cut-off <3)	Associated disorders
1	F	10.9	neg (0.1)	neg (4)	pos (63)	desquamative dermatitis
2	M	10.0	pos (28)	neg (4)	pos (8.6)	none
3	F	14.7	pos (20)	pos (8)	pos (13)	anti-thyroid antibodies positive, mild obesity
4	F	12.6	pos (7.9)	neg (4.7)	pos (19)	hypercolesterolemia
5	M	9.2	pos (3.6)	pos (56)	neg (0.1)	none
6	M	16.4	pos (8)	neg (4.7)	neg (2.5)	autoimmune thyroiditis, LT4 replacement therapy
7	M	11.8	neg (0.4)	pos (74)	pos (5.5)	none
8	F	8.4	pos (1.3)	pos (11)	pos (1)	none
9	F	9.4	pos (44)	pos (16)	pos (7)	anti-thyroid antibodies positive

∗Assay performed at San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. GADA and IA-2A measurements were performed by radiobinding assay with in vitro translated ³⁵S-methionine-labeled GAD65 or IA-2 [31, 32]. IAA were measured using a competitive protein A/G insulin radiobinding assay [33].