Review Article
Therapeutic Strategies for SLE Involving Cytokines: Mechanism-Oriented Therapies Especially IFN- Targeting Gene Therapy
Table 1
Several gene therapies in lupus model mice.
| | Route | Vector | Model | Effect | mechanism/(evidence) (Reference) |
| | Cytokine | | | | | | | IL-4 | i.p | naked DNA | B/WF1 | + | Balance shift from Th1 to Th2 [68] | | IL-2 | i.m. | naked DNA | MRL lpr/lpr | | Enhanced autoantibodies production [88] | | IL-2 | oral | naked DNA | MRL lpr/lpr | + | Restoration of T cell response, and suppression of autosntibody response [89] | | IL-2 | i.p. | vaccinia virus | MRL lpr/lpr | + | Normalization of T cell population [90] | | IL-12 | i.m. | naked DNA | MRL lpr/lpr | + | Cytokine balance skewed towards Th1 [77] | | TGF-1 | i.m. | naked DNA | MRL lpr/lpr | + | Suppression of function of CD4 (Th1,Th2), CD8 T, B and macrophages. [88] | | TGF-1 | oral | naked DNA | MRL lpr/lpr | | No effect [89] | | IL-18 | i.m. | naked DNA | MRL lpr/lpr | + | Elimination of IL-18 by induction of auto-anti-IL-18 antibody [82] | | IL-12/IL-18 | i.m. | naked DNA | MRL lpr/lpr | + | Presumably elimination of IL-12/IL-18 induction of anti-IL-12/IL-18 antibodes [87] |
| | Blockade | | | | | | | IFN-R/Fc* | i.m. | naked DNA | MRL lpr/lpr | + | IFN- blockade [80] | | CTLA-4/IgG | i.m. | adenovirus | MRL lpr/lpr | + | costimulatory blockade [92] | | CTLA-4/Ig | i.v. | adenovirus | B/WF1 | + | costimulatory blockade [93] | | CTLA-4/CD40 | i.m. | AAV | B/WF1 | + | costimulatory blockade [94] | | PD-L1/anti-B7h | i.m. | adenovirus | BXSB | + | Negative costimulatory blockade [95] | | TACI | i.v. | adenovirus | B6.lpr/lprB/WF1MRL lpr/lpr | | Blys blockade [103] | | T-ExR | i.v. | adenovirus | MRL/Mp | + | TGF- blockade [104] |
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orsen, : less effective, AAV: adeno-associared virus.
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