Review Article

Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Therapeutic Approaches

Figure 1

Mechanisms leading to atherogenesis and Cardiovascular disease in SLE patients. ECs: endothelial cells; VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; ILs: interleukins; IFN: interferon; BLyS: B lymphocyte stimulator.
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