Thrombin Inhibitors from Different Animals

Table 1

Thrombin inhibitors from different animals.

Name	Origin	Target	Size	Types of structural domains	Binding data (Ki values)	References
Hirudin	Hirudo medicinalis	Thrombin catalytic site and exosite-1	7,000 Da	—	20 fM	[56–58, 60]
Hirullin P6	Hirudinaria manillensis	—	7,000 Da	—	—	[70]
Hirullin P18	Hirudinaria manillensis	Thrombin exosite-1	7,000 Da	—	7.8 pM	[70, 71]
Haemadin	Haemadipsia sylvestris	Thrombin catalytic site and exosite-2	5,000 Da	—	100 fM	[61]
Theromin	Theromyson tessulatum	—	14,941 Da	—	12 fM	[62]
Triabin	Triatoma pallidipenis	Thrombin exosite-1	18,000 Da	—	3 pM	[63]
Rhodniin	Rhodinius prolixus	Thrombin catalytic site	11,000 Da	Kazal-type	20 pM	[74]
Dipetalogastin	Dipetalogaster maximus	—	11,800 Da	Kazal-type	125 fM	[75, 76]]
Infestin	Triatoma infestans	—	13,000 Da	Kazal-type	43.5 pM	[77–79]
Brasiliensin	Triatoma brasiliensis	—	—	Kazal-type	—	[80]
—	Glossina morsitans morsitans	—	3,530 Da	—	584 fM	[81, 82]
Ornithodorin	Ornithodoros moubata	Thrombin catalytic site	—	Kunitz-like	1 pM	[88]
Savignin	Ornithodoros savignyi	Thrombin catalytic site and exosite-1	12,430 Da	—	4.89 pM	[89, 90]
Amblin	Amblyomma hebraeum	—	18,000 Da	Kunitz-like	0.02 𝜇M	[92]
Boophilin	Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus	Thrombin catalytic site and exosite-1	13,900 Da	Kunitz-like	1.8 nM	[93]
Antithrombin	Bothrops jararaca	Thrombin catalytic site	61,000 Da	—	—	[95]
Bothrops jararaca inhibitor (BjI)	Bothrops jararaca	Thrombin exosite-2	1,000,000 Da	—	—	[96, 97]