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| Rodent model | Interventions | Reversal or prevention of signs of metabolic syndrome and associated complications | Signs of metabolic syndrome not affected by drug treatment |
|
| ob/ob mice | Temocapril (ACE inhibitor) and olmesartan (AT1 receptor blocker) [37] | Reduced blood pressure and ventricular fibrosis | No change in body weight and blood glucose concentrations |
| Resveratrol [76] | Reduced blood glucose, plasma insulin, adiponectin concentrations, improved glucose tolerance | No change in body weight and blood lipid concentrations |
|
| db/db mice | Aliskiren (renin inhibitor) [41] | Reduced blood pressure, cardiac fibrosis, macrophage infiltration in heart and coronary remodelling, improved endothelial function and glucose tolerance, increased pancreatic insulin content and beta cell mass, reduced pancreatic fibrosis | No change in body weight, visceral fat and liver weight |
|
| ZDF rats | Sitagliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor) [54] | Reduced body weight and blood pressure, reduced blood glucose, plasma triglyceride, plasma insulin and serum inflammatory markers, reduced pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation | No change in total cholesterol concentration |
|
| OLETF rats | Rosiglitazone (PPARγ agonist) [77] | Reduced blood glucose, plasma insulin and serum inflammatory markers | No change in body weight |
|
| GK rats | Levosimendan (calcium sensitiser) [78] | Reduced cardiac fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy, improved ventricular function | No change in blood pressure |
| Hesperidin [67] | Reduced serum insulin and blood glucose, serum triglyceride, serum total cholesterol concentrations, increased serum HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin concentrations | — |
|
| Alloxan | Cucurbita pepo peel extract [79] | Reduced blood glucose, plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol, increased plasma insulin concentrations | — |
|
| Streptozotocin | Quercetin [80] | Increase in body weight, reduced serum glucose concentrations and increased plasma insulin concentrations, pancreatic beta cell protection | — |
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| Fructose-induced metabolic syndrome | Lipoic acid [81] | Reduced blood pressure, blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations, improved renal function | — |
|
| Sucrose-induced metabolic syndrome | Hippophae rhamnoides (sea buckthorn) seed extract [82] | Reduced blood pressure, reduced plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol and free fatty acids, increased plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations | No change in body weight, blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations |
|
| High fat-induced metabolic syndrome | Enalapril (ACE inhibitor) [83] | Reduced body weight, epididymal fat pads and plasma insulin concentrations, increased plasma leptin and cholesterol concentrations, improved vascular relaxation | No change in blood glucose, plasma triglyceride and plasma free fatty acids concentrations, glucose tolerance |
|
| High fructose, high fat-induced metabolic syndrome | Purple carrot juice [84] | Reduced body weight gain, improved glucose tolerance, reduced plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, free fatty acids concentrations, reduced plasma inflammatory marker, improved ventricular function, reduced cardiac fibrosis and stiffness, reduced blood pressure, improved vascular relaxation, attenuation of fatty liver | — |
|
| High sucrose, high fat-induced metabolic syndrome | Piperine [85] | Reduced body weight, reduced abdominal fat pads | No change in blood glucose, plasma triglyceride, plasma total cholesterol and free fatty acid concentrations |
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