Nutritional Requirements for the Improvement of Growth and Sporulation of Several Strains of Monascus purpureus on Solid State Cultivation

Table 2

Effect of various medium formulations on growth and sporulation of various strains of M. purpureus.

Strain	Evaluation	PDA	MEA	IM	Hiroi	PM	Hiroi-PDA
DSM1603	Sporulation	3 × 10^3±1× 10^4a 1	6 × 10^4±1 × 10^4b 1	4 × 10^4±5 × 10^3b 1	2 × 10^5±1.1 × 10^4c 1	6 × 10^4±5 × 10^3b 1	2 × 10^6±3 × 10^5d 1
	Radial growth rate	18.5±0.9^3a	23±1^2b	29.7 ± 1.5^3c	18.7±1.5^1a	23.2±0.5^1b	22.5±0.5^1b
	Cell mass rate	0.06±0.006^a	0.08±0.01^ab	0.09±0.009^2ab	0.04±0.008^a	0.1±0.01^b	0.16±0.01^3c
FTC5400	Sporulation	6 × 10^4±5 × 10^3a 2	3 × 10^5±4 × 10^4b 2	3 × 10^5±3 × 10^4c 3	5 × 10^5±2 × 10^4c 2	8 × 10^4±6 × 10^3a 1	2 × 10^6±6 × 10^4d 1
	Radial growth rate	17.8±1.44^2a	26.3±4.16^3b	20.2±0.8^1a	29.7±1.5^4b	28.7±1^3b	26.5±1.8^3b
	Cell mass rate	0.06±0.001^b	0.08±0.001^bc	0.09±0.006^2c	0.04±0.004^a	0.1±0.009^c	0.1±0.01^1c
DSM1379	Sporulation	9 × 10^4±1 × 10^4a 3	2 × 10^6±5 × 10^4c4	3 × 10^6±1 × 10^5d 4	1.3 ×10^6±5 × 10^4c 3	3 × 10^5±4 × 10^4b 4	3.4 × 10^6±2 × 10^5d 2
	Radial growth rate	16.7±1.5^1a	19.7±1.5^1b	24±0.8^2c	28±1^3d	27±1^2d	27.5±2.2^4d
	Cell mass rate	0.05±0.006^a	0.07±0.009^b	0.08±0.01^1b	0.03±0.002^a	0.1±0.002^c	0.1±0.01^1c
FTC5391	Sporulation	1.3 × 10^5±2 × 10^4a 3	6 ×10^5±1× 10^5b 3	3 ×10^5±5× 10^4ab 3	4.3 ×10^5±8× 10^4ab 2	2 ×10^5±2× 10^4a 3	4 ×10^6±5× 10^5c 2
	Radial growth rate	18±2.7^23a	30.3±2.1^6b	18±2^1a	29.2±0.7^4b	28±2.7^3b	29±3^5b
	Cell mass rate	0.07±0.005^b	0.09±0.01^c	0.1±0.01^3c	0.05±0.002^a	0.1±0.01^c	0.1±0.01^1c
FTC5354	Sporulation	7 ×10^4±2× 10^3a 2	4 ×10^5±3× 10^4ab 2	1.2 ×10^5±2× 10^4ab 2	4.2 ×10^5±7.6× 10^4b 2	1.3 ×10^5±3× 10^4ab 2	2 ×10^6±4× 10^5c 1
	Radial growth rate	18±1.7^23a	26.3±1.5^3c	22±2^2b	28.5±1.5^3c	27.2±2^2c	28.8±0.28^5c
	Cell mass rate	0.05±0.003^ab	0.07±0.008^b	0.09±0.01^2c	0.03±0.003^a	0.1±0.01^c	0.1±0.009^1c
FTC5357	Sporulation	2.4 ×10^4±3× 103^3a 1	3 ×10^5±6× 10^4b 2	1.3 ×10^5±3.6× 10^4b2	2 ×10^6±2× 10^5c 4	2 ×10^5±4× 10^4b 2,3	1.3 ×10^6±5× 10^4d1
	Radial growth rate	17.2±1^2a	27.2±1^4d	20.7±2.1^12b	27.3±1^2d	23.7±1^1c	23.5±1.5^2c
	Cell mass rate	0.06±0.002^b	0.08±0.005^c	0.09±0.01^2cd	0.04±0.001^a	0.1±0.02^d	0.14±0.02^23e
DSM1604	Sporulation	1 ×10^5±2× 10^4a 3	4 ×10^5±6× 10^4ab 2	1.2 ×10^5±2.5× 10^4a2	5 ×10^5±6× 10^4b 2	1.2 ×10^5±3× 10^4a 2	3 ×10^6±4× 10^5c1
	Radial growth rate	18.5±2.1^23a	29±2.5^5c	21.7±2.5^12b	29±1^4c	28.3±1.5^3c	28.3±2.1^5c
	Cell mass rate	0.07±0.002^b	0.09±0.01^c	0.1±0.01^3cd	0.04±0.002^a	0.1±0.02^cd	0.12±0.03^2d

PDA [glucose (4 g/L), potato starch (20 g/L), agar (15 g/L)]; MEA [glucose (20 g/L), malt extract (20 g/L), peptone (10 g/L), agar (15 g/L)]; IM [dextrose (8 g/L), MgSO₄·7H₂O (2.5 g/L), KH₂PO₄ (2.7 g/L), peptone (2.4 g/L), yeast extract (2 g/L), agar (15 g/L)]; Hiroi [sucrose (100 g/L), yeast extract (3 g/L), casamino acid (5 g/L), NaNO₃ (2 g/L), KH₂PO₄ (1 g/L), MgSO₄·7H₂O (0.5 g/L), KCl (0.5 g/L), FeSO₄ (0.01 g/L), agar (15 g/L)], PM [sucrose (30 g/L), bacto peptone (5 g/L), lactose (3 g/L), corn steep (0.5 g/L), NaNO₃ (3 g/L), K₂HPO₄ (1 g/L), MgSO₄·7H₂O (0.5 g/L), NaCl (4 g/L), FeSO₄ (0.01 g/L), KCl (0.5 g/L), agar (15 g/L), CuSO₄·7H₂O (0.001 g/L), FeCl₃·6H₂O (0.003 g/L)]; Hiroi-PDA [sucrose (100 g/L), yeast extract (3 g/L), casamino acid (5 g/L), NaNO₃ (2 g/L), KH₂PO₄ (1 g/L), MgSO₄·7H₂O (0.5 g/L), KCl (0.5 g/L), FeSO₄ (0.01 g/L), potato starch (4 g/L), dextrose (20 g/L), agar (15 g/L)]. Data are presented as means ± SD. Mean values within each row with different superscripts (a,b, …) are significantly different (𝑃<0.05) and within each column with different superscripts (1,2,…) are significantly different (𝑃<0.05).