Authors Experimental model Proteomic analysis Identified affected pathways and major findings Mouse Chang et al., 2003 [39 ] 18-months-old C57B16 mice. Studied tissue: skeletal muscle. Two-dimensional polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. Reproducibility of the 2-D PAGE system. Rats Cai et al., 2000 [35 ] 12-, 18-, and 24-months-old rats.Studied tissue: extensor digitorum longus muscle and soleus muscle. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Analysis of aqueous proteins of skeletal muscle during aging. Cai et al., 2001 [40 ] 8-, 18-, and 24-months-old rats.Studied tissue: extensor digitorum longus muscle and soleus muscle. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Analysis of parvalbumin expression in rat skeletal muscles. Kanski et al., 2003 [31 ] 4- and -24 months old Fisher 344 rats and -6 and -34 months old Fisher 344/BN F1 rats.Studied tissue: skeletal muscle. 2-D gel electrophoresis, Western blot analysis, MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-MS/MS analysis. Age-dependent nitration in muscle energy metabolism. Piec et al., 2005 [36 ] 7-, 18- and 30-months-old LOU/c/jall rats.Studied tissue: gastrocnemius muscle. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, MALDI-ToF MS analyses, and immunoblotting. Myofibrillar regulatory proteins, signal transduction, cytosolic and mitochondrial energy metabolisms, oxidative stress, detoxification, and RNA metabolism. Kanski et al., 2005 [32 ] 34-months-old Fisher 344/Brown Norway F1 hybrid rats.Studied tissue: skeletal muscle. 2-D gel electrophoresis, Western Blot analysis, MALDI-TOF and NSI-MS/MS analysis. Proteomic analysis of protein nitration. Dencher et al., 2006 [41 ] Studied tissue: skeletal muscle. Blue-native/colorless-native gel electrophoresis, 2D-SDS-PAGE and MALDI MS. Cellular dysfunction, ageing, and cellular death. O’Connell et al., 2007 [37 ] 3- and 30-months-old rat. Studied tissue: gastrocnemius muscle Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, MALDI-ToF, DALT-Twelve gel electrophoretic separation system, 2-D immunoblotting. Proteomic profiling of senescent fibres: stress response, contractile apparatus, and metabolic regulation. Altun et al., 2007 [29 ] 4- and 30-months old rats.Studied tissue: gastrocnemius muscle. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, MALDI-ToF/ToF, MALDI-MS/MS, ESI-LC-MS/MS and Western Blot analysis. Redox homeostasis, iron load, regulation of contractile proteins, glycolisis, and oxidative phosphorylation. O’Connell et al., 2008 [33 ] 3- and 30-months old rats. Studied tissue: gastrocnemius muscle Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, MALDI-ToF MS analysis. Proteomic profiling of senescent fibers. Gannon et al., 2008 [30 ] 3- and -30-months old rats.Studied tissue: gastrocnemius muscle. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, MALDI-ToF MS analysis. Phosphoproteomic analysis of aged skeletal muscle. Feng et al., 2008 [42 ] 12- and 26-months-old Fischer 344 rats.Studied tissue: soleus, semimembranosus, plantaris, extensor digitorum longus, and tibialis anterior muscles. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
LC-ESI MS/MS analysis and Ingenuity Systems Analysis. Carbonyl modifications, cellular function and maintenance, fatty acid metabolism, and citrate cycle. Lombardi et al., 2009 [26 ] 3- and 24-months-old rats.Studied tissue: gastrocnemius muscle. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Blue-Native PAGE, and MALDI-ToF MS analysis. Energy metabolism, mitochondrial pathways, myofibrillar filaments, and detoxification. Human Cobon et al., 2002 [43 ] 56–79 yr of age.Studied tissue: vastus lateralis muscle. Two-dimensional polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS. Human aged skeletal muscle protein profile. Gelfi et al., 2006 [34 ] Elderly and young subjects.Studied tissue: vastus lateralis muscle. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE and ESI-MS/MS. Elderly group: downregulation of regulatory myosin light chains, (phosphorylated isoforms), higher proportion of myosin heavy chain isoforms 1 and 2A, and enhanced oxidative and reduced glycolytic capacity.
