New Insights into p53 Signaling and Cancer Cell Response to DNA Damage: Implications for Cancer Therapy

Figure 9

Highly simplified model showing responses triggered by genotoxic stress in human cancer cells. Broken arrows indicate that the mechanism by which cancer-therapeutic agents (e.g., ionizing radiation) might trigger activation of phospholipase D (PLD) and mitotic kinases remain to be determined. However, it is known that PLD contributes to activation of PI3K/AKT signalling [74], and that ionizing radiation triggers mTOR activation through PI3K/AKT [75]. Asterisks mark molecules/pathways that might be targeted, for example, using small-molecule inhibitors, for improving the outcome of cancer radiotherapy (see text for details).