Bacterial Plasminogen Receptors: Mediators of a Multifaceted Relationship

Table 1

Bacterial plasminogen receptors and their interactions with plasminogen.

Plasminogen receptor	Bacterial species	Cell surface attachment	Binding affinity (𝐾𝐷)	Binding interactions and characteristics	References
Bfp60	Bacteroides fragilis	Anchored	ND	ND	[42]
Choline-binding protein E (CBPE)	Streptococcus pneumoniae	Anchored	ND	Binds plg via internal lysine residues K^259, K^267, and K^319 present in the phosphorylcholine esterase domain.	[43, 44]
CRASP-1, 3, 4, and 5	Borrelia burgdorferi	Anchored	ND	ND	[45]
ErpP, ErpC, and ErpA	Borrelia burgdorferi	Anchored	Glu-plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 25 nM	Plg binding is associated with C-terminal lysine residues. Bound plg can be activated by uPA.	[46]
Erp63	Borrelia spielmanii	Anchored	ND	ND	[47]
Flagella	Escherichia coli	Anchored	ND	ND	[48]
GlnA1	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Anchored	ND	Interact with LBS within plg	[49]
LenA	Leptospira interogans	Anchored	ND	Interacts with the K1–K3 plg fragment	[46, 50]
Leptospiral surface adhesin Lsa66	Leptospira interrogans	Anchored	Plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 68.8 nM	ND. Bound plg can be activated by uPA	[51]
Lp30	Leptospira interrogans	Anchored	Plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 167.39 nM	ND. Bound plg can be activated by uPA	[51]
LIC12238; LIC10494; LIC12730	Leptospira interrogans	Anchored	Plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 11.97 nM; Plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 10.98 nM; ND	ND. Bound plg can be activated by uPA	[52]
LipL32, LipL40	Leptospira interrogans	Anchored		ND	[52]
Lp29, Lp49	Leptospira interrogans	Anchored		ND	[52]
Lsa20; Lsa66	Leptospira interrogans	Anchored	ND; Plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 68.8 nM	ND	[53]; [51]
	Streptococcus pyogenes		Glu-plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 1.6 nM–7.6 nM	K2	[34, 35]
M and M-like protein	Streptococcus canis	Anchored	Mini-plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 2.7 nM	High affinity for plg K5	[28]
	Streptococcus equi		Plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 18 nM	Plg binding not competed out by excess K1–3, but inhibited by EACA, suggesting a role for K4 or K5	[54]
Mhp 107	Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae	Anchored	Plg (porcine): 𝐾𝐷 = ND	ND	[26]
MPL36	Leptospira interrogans	Anchored		ND	[52]
Outer surface protein A (OspA)	Borrelia burgdorferi	Anchored	Glu-plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 260 μM	Interacts with LBS within plg and pln. Bound plg can be activated by both uPA and tPA	[55]
70 kDa surface protein (OppA)	Borrelia burgdoferi	Anchored	ND	ND	[55, 56]
PavB	Streptococcus pneumonia	Anchored	ND	ND	[57]
PfbB	Streptococcus pneumonia	Anchored	ND	ND	[58]
PfbA	Streptococcus pneumonia	Anchored	ND	ND	[59]
Plasminogen-binding protein (Pbp)	Bacteroides fragilis	Anchored	ND	ND	[60]
PbbA and pgbB	Helicobacter pylori	Anchored	ND	Interacts with LBS of plg	[61]
P116	Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae	Anchored	Asp-plg (porcine): 𝐾𝐷 = 44 nM	ND	[26]
Protein E	Haemophilus influenzae	Anchored	ND	Interacts with LBS of plg	[62]
Type 1fimbriae	Escherichia coli	Anchored	Glu-plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 200 nM	ND	[63, 64]
	Streptococcus pneumoniae		Plg: 𝐾𝐷1 = 0.55 nM; 𝐾𝐷2 = 86.2 nM	Residues 248–256; C-terminal lysyl residues LL^433 and LL^434. Interacts with LBS within Plg	[65–67]
	Streptococcus pyogenes		Glu-Plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 1.6 nM; Lys-plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 127 nM	C-terminal lysine residues K^434 and K^434; Residues 252–255. Interacts with LBS within Plg	[68, 69]
	Streptococcus suis		Plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 14 nM	Contains internal nonapeptide motif	[70]
	Bifidobacterium lactis		Plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 42 nM	Lysine and glutamic acid residues K^251, K^251, and E^252	[30]
	Bacillus anthracosis		ND	Plg binding partially mediated by C-terminal lysine. Interacts with LBS within Plg	[71, 72]
α-enolase	Neisseria meningitidis	Nonanchored	ND	Undefined internal plg-binding motif	[73]
	Streptococcus mutans		ND	Binds plg via C-terminal lysine	[74]
	Streptococcus agalactiae		Glu-Plg: ND; Lys-Plg: ND	ND	[75]
	Mycoplasma gallisepticum		ND	ND	[27]
	Mycoplasma fermentas		ND	ND	[76]
	Borrelia burgdorferi		Glu-plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 125 nM	Interacts with LBS within Plg	[77]
Ag85B	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Nonanchored	ND	Interacts with LBS within plg	[49]
Aspartase	Haemophilus influenzae	Nonanchored	ND	K4. Potent stimulator of tPA but not uPA	[78]
	Bifidobacterium animalis		Plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 11.97 nM	Interacts with LBS within plg	[79]
DNaK	Neisseria meningitidis	Nonanchored	ND	Undefined internal plg-binding motif	[73]
	Mycobacterium tuberculosis		ND	Interacts with LBS within plg	[49]
Elongation factor-tu (EF-tu)	Bacillus anthracosis	Nonanchored	ND	Interacts with LBS within plg	[71]
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase	Mycoplasma tuberculosis	Nonanchored	Plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 6.73 nM	ND	[80]
	Streptococcus pneumoniae		Pln: 𝐾𝐷1 = 28 nM; 𝐾𝐷2 = 52 nM; Plg: 𝐾𝐷1 = 0.43 μM; 𝐾𝐷2 = 0.16 nM	Binds plg via two C-terminal lysine residues separated by isoleucine and alanine	[67, 81]
Glyceraldehyde 3-phphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; GAPC; SDH; Plr)	Streptococcus pyogenes	Nonanchored	ND	ND	[82]
	Bacillus anthracis		Plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 78.5 nM; 572 nM	ND	[83]
	Streptococcus equisimilis		Plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 220 nM; Pln: 𝐾𝐷 = 25 nM	ND	[84]
Peroxiredoxin	Neisseria meningitidis	Nonanchored	ND	Undefined internal plg-binding motif	[73]
Phosphoglycerate kinase	Streptococcus equisimilis	Nonanchored	ND	Shown to bind both plg and pln	[85]
SkzL	Streptococcus agalactiae	Nonanchored	Glu-plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 3−16 nM; Lys-plg: 𝐾𝐷 = 80 nM; Pln 𝐾𝐷 = 50 nM	ND	[86]

ND: not determined, plg: plasminogen, pln: plasmin, LBS: lysine binding site, K1–5: kringle 1–5.