Review Article

Lysine Acetylation: Elucidating the Components of an Emerging Global Signaling Pathway in Trypanosomes

Table 4

KDACs and KATs inhibitors tested in protozoan parasites.

StructureTargetAntiparasitic activity

KDAC inhibitors
 ApicidinCyclic tetrapeptideAll KDACApicomplexa T. gondii, P. falciparum
 Apicidin analoguesCyclic tetrapeptide with indole modificationsAll KDACT. gondii, P. falciparum, T. brucei
 Valproic acidShort-chain fatty acidClass I KDACP. falciparum, T. gondii
 Sodium butyrateShort-chain fatty acidAll KDACP. falciparum, T. gondii
 Sirtinol2-hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde derivativeSIR2L. infantum amastigotes, P. falciparum, T. gondii
 NicotinamideNoncompetitive inhibitorSIR2Leishmania spp., T. cruzi epimastigotes
 Tricostain A (TSA)Natural hydroxamate basedClass I and II KDACT. cruzi, P. falciparum
 Suberoylanilide  hydroxamic acid  (SAHA)Synthetic hydroxamate basedAll KDACP. falciparum
 Hydroxamic acid  derivativesAll KDACT. brucei

KAT inhibitors
 CurcuminNatural phenolMYST family p300/CBPT. brucei, L. mexicana
 GarcinolPolyisoprenylated benzophenoneMYST family p300 and PCAFLeishmania spp.
 Anarcadic acidSalicylic acidsubstituted with analkylchain MYST family p300 and PCAF, Tip60P. falciparum