Metabolic Engineering of Yeast and Plants for the Production of the Biologically Active Hydroxystilbene, Resveratrol

Table 1

Metabolic engineering of resveratrol in yeast.

Microorganisms/species	Introduced gene(s)	Origin of genes	Resveratrol quantity	References
Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica	PAL/TAL, C4H, 4CL, STS	Rhodotorula glutinis (PAL/TAL), Streptomyces coelicolor (4CL), Vitis sp. (STS)	1.46 mg/L	[110]
Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	PAL, C4H, 4CL, STS	Arabidopsis thaliana (PAL, C4H, 4CL), Rheum tataricum (STS)	not detectable	[111]
Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	TAL, 4CL::STS fusion protein	Rhodobacter sphaeroides (TAL), Arabidopsis thaliana (4CL), Vitis vinifera (STS)	5.25 mg/L	[116]
Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	4CL, STS	Populus trichocarpa×Populus deltoides (4CL), Vitis vinifera (STS)	1.45 mg/L	[114]
Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	4CL, STS	Nicotiana tabacum (4CL), Vitis vinifera (STS)	5.8 mg/L	[115]
Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	4CL1, STS	Arabidopsis thaliana (4CL), Vitis vinifera (STS)	262–391 mg/L	[117]
Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with phenylalanine	PAL, CPR, C4H, 4CL, STS	Populus trichocarpa×P. deltoides (PAL, CPR^a) Glycine max (C4H, 4CL), Vitis vinifera (STS)	0.29 mg/L	[113]
Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with para-coumaric acid	PAL, CPR, C4H, 4CL, STS	Populus trichocarpa×P. deltoides (PAL, CPR) Glycine max (C4H, 4CL), Vitis vinifera (STS)	0.31 mg/L	[113]
Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	TAL, 4CL::STS fusion protein, araE transporter	Rhodobacter sphaeroides (TAL), Escherichia coli (araE), Arabidopsis thaliana (4CL), Vitis vinifera (STS)	3.1 mg/L 1.27 mg/L (without the araE transporter)	[119]
Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	TAL, 4CL::STS fusion protein	Rhodobacter sphaeroides (TAL), Arabidopsis thaliana (4CL), Vitis vinifera (STS)	14.4 mg/L	[120]

^aCPR: Cytochrome P450 Reductase.