Maternal Moderate Physical Training during Pregnancy Attenuates the Effects of a Low-Protein Diet on the Impaired Secretion of Insulin in Rats: Potential Role for Compensation of Insulin Resistance and Preventing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Table 2

Indicators of litter size, litter weight, and body weight at birth to 3rd d of life.

	Groups
	Control		Trained		Low protein diet		Trained + low protein diet
	Mean	S.E.M	Mean	S.E.M	Mean	S.E.M	Mean	S.E.M
Litter size	11.0	0.3	10	0.2	10	0.3	10	0.2
Litter weight (g)	66.9	0.9	65.2	0.9	55.7^*	1.1	55.8^*	0.9
Birth weight (g)	7.1	0.09	6.9	0.1	5.7^*	0.1	5.9^*	0.1
Body weight (g)
1st d	7.9	0.1	7.1	0.08	5.9^*	0.1	6.1^*	0.2
2nd d	8.9	0.2	8.7	0.2	5.9^*	0.03	5.9^*	0.1
3rd d	9.4	0.1	9.7	0.1	6.1^*	0.1	6.5^*	0.2

During gestation, the dams were submitted to physical training (5 days per week, with a progressively reduction of duration and intensity) and fed a low-protein diet. The pups into each litter were evaluated at birth to 3rd d of life. The values are presented as mean and S.E.M.
^∗𝑃<0.05  𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑢𝑠 C using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test.