Xenogenic Esophagus Scaffolds Fixed with Several Agents: Comparative In Vivo Study of Rejection and Inflammation
Figure 4
Transverse section of subcutaneous untreated (a–c) and GP cross-linked (d–f) implants after 1, 9, and 30 days in vivo. At day 1 postimplantation, untreated scaffolds (a) displayed a cellular infiltration with granulocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages, whereas in GP cross-linked scaffolds (d) only a cellular layer was detectable at the periphery. At day 9 postimplantation, a considerable increase of infiltrating cells into untreated scaffolds (b) was detected as a sign of encapsulation, whereas GP cross-linked (e) scaffolds showed a cellular infiltration with granulocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages without signs of encapsulation. At day 30 postimplantation, whole implants of the untreated scaffold group (c) were infiltrated with granulocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages, whereas GP cross-linked scaffolds (f) showed only an immaterial cellular infiltration. In contrast to GP cross-linked scaffolds, untreated scaffolds were largely degraded. See Figure 5 for detailed cellular analysis. Magnification: ×100, bar = 100 μm. HE-staining.
