1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Inhibits the RANKL Pathway and Impacts on the Production of Pathway-Associated Cytokines in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis

Table 4

The impact of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ at various concentrations on inflammation-related cytokines in the RA and healthy control group.

	RANKL; (pmol/L)	OPG; (pmol/L)	RANKL/OPG	TNF-𝛼; (pg/mL)	IL-17; (pg/mL)	IL-6; (pg/mL)	IL-4; (pg/mL)
RA patient
Anti-CD3/CD28	100.72 ± 11.98	0.57 ± 0.15	190.24 ± 51.25	508.52 ± 90.94	606.76 ± 49.79	7939.02 ± 2108.85	9.46 ± 4.15
D1	80.23 ± 9.37	0.53 ± 0.15	163.92 ± 56.07	424.08 ± 81.69	533.35 ± 47.47	5513.03 ± 3429.08	11.56 ± 9.14
D2	79.01 ± 15.41	0.48 ± 0.14	167.83 ± 29.43	381.56 ± 78.79	425.75 ± 55.33	4554.65 ± 3156.50	14.83 ± 13.65
D3	93.75 ± 21.88	0.58 ± 0.13	164.90 ± 35.68	326.18 ± 87.34	318.91 ± 85.91	3747.55 ± 1918.94	9.13 ± 5.88
Healthy control
Anti-CD3/CD28	83.09 ± 12.17	0.61 ± 0.07	136.23 ± 13.42	195.95 ± 52.83	249.87 ± 17.63	2607.90 ± 232.98	6.77 ± 4.43
D1	82.43 ± 10.19	0.66 ± 0.12	129.67 ± 30.01	168.60 ± 50.01	219.48 ± 35.87	3229.37 ± 2029.54	7.27 ± 1.56
D2	15.46 ± 8.95	0.45 ± 0.11	175.07 ± 39.69	174.97 ± 26.36	211.48 ± 41.78	2601.70 ± 1032.23	9.47 ± 6.57
D3	74.67 ± 12.61	0.55 ± 0.09	139.44 ± 30.40	128.73 ± 19.29	206.53 ± 27.70	3236.45 ± 862.95	7.62 ± 3.31

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.