Injury Prevention for Ski-Area Employees: A Physiological Assessment of Lift Operators, Instructors, and Patrollers

Table 4

Dietary intake as reported from two- or three-day diet records for 75 patrollers, instructors, and lift operators at five ski resorts in Western Canada during the first year of the study. Data is represented as mean ± SD. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is provided for comparison [24].

	Patrollers		Instructors		Lift ops		RDA
	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women
Kcal	3140±762	2831±525	2621±726^∧	1997±486^∧	2989±762	1979±70^∧	2700 kcal	2100 kcal
Protein (g)	121±26	113±8	96±17	75±19	114±33	64±23	0.8 g/kg body wt
Carbohydrate (g)	413±129	360±62	339±127	256±71	363±93	271±49^∧	>130 g
Total fat (g)	115±40^∗	100±27^∗	97±31^∗	70±18^∗	117±41^∗	63±16^∗	<25–35% calories
Saturated fat (g)	39±20^∗	30±8^∗	31±11^∗	21±7^∗	39±19^∗	22±5^∗	<7% caloric intake
Monounsaturated fat (g)	30±16^∧	29±9^∧	27±13^∧	21±11^∧	38±16	19±7^∧	<10–25% calories
Polyunsaturated fat (g)	18±10^∧	13±4^∧	19±10^∧	17±10^∧	22±9^∧	13±2^∧	<8–10% calories
Trans fatty acid	0.8±1.3	0.5±0.8	0.4±1.3	0.3±0.4	0.9±1.5	0.3±0.4	<1% caloric intake
Omega-6 linoleic acid (g)	14±9^∧	11±4^∧	12±7^∧	10±6^∧	16±8^∧	8±7^∧	17 g	12 g
Omega-3 linolenic acid (g)	1.2±1.3^∧	0.8±0.6^∧	1.2±0.6^∧	3.2±6.8	1.3±0.8^∧	0.6±0.4^∧	>1.6 g	>1.1 g
Cholesterol (mg)	360±171^∗	329±101^∗	274±156^∗	220±170^∗	400±228^∗	204±141^∗	<200–300 mg
Total fiber (g)	40±18	38±9	28±7^∧	24±11^∧	34±15^∧	19±8^∧	>38 g	>25 g
Total sugar (g)	156±74^∗	142±53^∗	157±68^∗	99±34	160±45^∗	152±45^∗	<25% caloric intake
Total water (L)	1.5±2.0^∧	1.8±1.2^∧	2.0±1.0^∧	1.6±0.6^∧	2.2±1.2^∧	1.3±0.1^∧	3.7 L	2.7 L
Thiamin (mg)	2.0±1.1	2.1±1.6	1.8±0.6	1.2±0.3	1.8±0.6	2.1±0.8	1.2 g	1.1 g
Riboflavin (mg)	2.3±1.2	3.8±3.0	2.1±0.5	1.4±0.4	2.3±0.7	2.3±1.0	1.3 mg	1.1 mg
Niacin (mg)	28±10	34±9	24±8	19±5	27±9	35±26	16 mg	14 mg
Vitamin B6 (mg)	2.2±1.1	2.4±1.8	2.5±2.6	1.6±0.5	2.2±0.7	2.4±1.8	1.3 mg
Vitamin B12 (mcg)	5.1±2.8	6.9±3.9	6.4±6.3	2.6±1.5	4.8±2.8	3.9±4.6	2.4 mcg
Folate (DFE) (mcg)	456±246	675±337	441±239	374±161^∧	566±207	396±213^∧	400 mcg
Vitamin C (mg)	155±88	205±96	169±266	135±119	153±110	128±28	90 mg	65 mg
Vitamin D (IU)	205±226^∧	257±123^∧	176±265^∧	112±132^∧	126±165^∧	143±129^∧	600 to 4000 IU
Vitamin A (RAE) (mcg)	693±576^∧	803±639	704±334^∧	722±502	868±483^∧	286±54^∧	900 mcg RAE	700 mcg RAE
Alpha-tocopherol (Vit E) (mg)	7.4±6.9^∧	9.5±4.8^∧	5.1±3.2^∧	4.9±3.6^∧	9.8±4.7^∧	4.5±3.3^∧	15 mg
Calcium (mg)	1209±413	1286±167	987±506^∧	876±214^∧	1079±492	576±149^∧	1000 mg
Iron (mg)	23±7	23±5	21±7	16±6^∧	20±5	14±1^∧	8 mg	18 mg
Magnesium (mg)	468±215	438±42	375±124^∧	288±107^∧	444±144	262±17^∧	420 mg	320 mg
Potassium (mg)	4215±1654^∧	3882±906^∧	3271±708^∧	2438±495^∧	3771±1100^∧	3074±241^∧	>4700 mg
Zinc (mg)	15±7	14±11	13±3	8±2	15±5	9±6	11 mg	8 mg
Sodium (mg)	3933±1324^∗	3314±1023^∗	2803±1056^∗	3310±1522^∗	3504±1459^∗	3400±1217^∗	<2300 mg

∗Exceeds the RDA for good health, ∧does not meet the lower limit of RDA for good health.