Gradient Evolution of Body Colouration in Surface- and Cave-Dwelling Poecilia mexicana and the Role of Phenotype-Assortative Female Mate Choice

Table 2

Results from (a) MANCOVA and (b) ANCOVA models analyzing Principal Component scores (7 components with eigenvalues >1; 80.81% of total variance explained). 𝐹-ratios were approximated using Wilk’s λ. Partial variance was estimated using Wilk’s partial eta². Interaction terms were excluded from the final models if not significant. Significant effects are in bold typeface.

(a)  

	Wilk's λ	𝐹	df (error df)	𝑃	Partial eta²
Population	0.70	1.01	28 (271.83)	0.45	0.086
SL	0.72	4.14	7 (75)	0.001	0.28
Population × SL	0.56	1.70	28 (271.83)	0.018	0.14

(b)  

	Mean square	𝐹	df	𝑃	Partial eta²
Principal component 1
Population	6.312	11.320	4	0.0001	0.348
SL	0.030	0.054	1	0.816	0.001
Error	0.56		85
Principal component 2
Population	14.743	40.465	4	0.0001	0.656
SL	1.237	3.396	1	0.069	0.038
Error	0.36		85
Principal component 3
Population	13.714	33.363	4	0.0001	0.611
SL	0.013	0.032	1	0.858	0.000
Error	0.41		85
Principal component 4
Population	2.151	2.444	4	0.053	0.103
SL	0.142	0.162	1	0.688	0.002
Error	0.88		85
Principal component 5
Population	1.893	2.788	4	0.032	0.121
SL	3.802	5.600	1	0.020	0.065
Population × SL	2.142	3.155	4	0.018	0.135
Error	0.70		81
Principal component 6
Population	1.510	1.635	4	0.173	0.071
SL	0.725	0.785	1	0.378	0.009
Error	0.92		85
Principal component 7
Population	3.869	4.551	4	0.002	0.176
SL	12.051	14.175	1	<0.001	0.143
Error	0.85		85