Safety Evaluation of Turmeric Polysaccharide Extract: Assessment of Mutagenicity and Acute Oral Toxicity

Table 1

Mutagenicity testing of NR-INF-02 in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain.

Treatment	Concentration (µg/mL)	Number of revertant colonies
		S9	Individual colony counts			Mean ± S.D	Fold increase over baseline
			R1	R2	R3
NR-INF-02	15.87	−	8	6	7	7.00±1.00	0.83
		+	7	5	7	6.33±1.15	0.90
	50.14	−	6	4	8	6.00±2.00	0.71
		+	3	8	7	6.00±2.65	0.86
	158.46	−	7	6	8	7.00±1.00	0.83
		+	5	8	2	5.00±3.00	0.71
	500.72	−	4	7	6	5.67±1.53	0.67
		+	4	6	4	4.67±1.15	0.67
	1582.28	−	8	8	8	8.00±0.00	0.95
		+	3	7	4	4.67±2.08	0.67
	5000.00	−	8	7	4	6.33±2.08	0.75
		+	8	7	7	7.33±0.58	1.05
Vehicle control	0	−	8	4	7	6.33±2.08	—
		+	6	7	5	6.00±1.00	—
Positive control 2-NF + 4-NQO	2.00 + 0.50	−	47	46	48	47.00±1.00^∗	5.58
Positive control 2-AA	5.00	+	48	48	48	48.00±0.00^∗	6.85

R: replicate; ^∗𝑃<0.05; 2-NF: 2-nitrofluorene; 4-NQO: 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide; 2-AA: 2-aminoanthracene.