Risks for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Are Increased in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Table 2

Comparison of pregnancy outcomes between PCOS and control groups by means of conception, excluding women with multiple gestation (twins or greater).

Group	GDM n (%)	PIH n (%)	PD n (%)	FGR n (%)	LGA n (%)
Controls (𝑛=592)	102 (17.2)	19 (3.2)	30 (5.1)	9 (1.5)	71 (12.0)
PCOS (𝑛=115)	64^a (55.7)	11^b (9.6)	13^c (11.3)	3^a (2.6)	16 (13.9)
Spontaneous conception (𝑛=66)	40^a (60.6)	8^b (12.1)	6 (9.1)	0 (0)	10 (15.2)
IVF-ET (𝑛=27)	13^c (48.1)	1 (3.7)	4 (14.8)	1^a (3.7)	5 (18.5)
Ovarian stimulation (𝑛=22)	11^b (50.0)	2 (9.1)	3 (13.6)	2^a (9.1)	1 (4.5)

For key to abbreviations see Table 1.
^a𝑃<0.001, ^b𝑃<0.01, ^c𝑃<0.05, for all PCOS or PCOS subdivided according to means of conception versus controls.
^d𝑃<0.001, ^e𝑃<0.01, ^f𝑃<0.05, for PCOS conceiving with IVF-ET or ovarian stimulation, versus PCOS conceiving spontaneously.